Pituitary Gland Intro
Pituitary Gland Intro
Pituitary Gland Intro
Muhammad suliman
Lecturer
BTSON
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Objectives
By the end of the session students will be able to:
• Anatomy and physiology of pituitary Gland
• Discuss the functions of growth hormone.
• Describe the disorders of anterior and posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
• Discuss treatment modalities of patients with pituitary gland disorders.
• Utilize nursing process in the provision of care for patients with disorder
of pituitary gland and for patients undergoing surgery of the gland.
• Discuss the impact of various endocrine disorders on patients and their
families
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Pituitary Gland
Pituitary gland lies in the base of the skull in a portion of sphenoid bone called
Sella turcica and attached to the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.
• Tumors
• Pituitary infarction
• Genetic Disorders
• Trauma
Pituitary Disorders
• Hypo secretion
• Dwarfism
• Hypothyroidism
• Myxedema
• Infertility
• Addison’s disease
Anterior • Hyper secretion
Pituitary • Acromegaly
• Hyperthyroidism
• Cushing’s disease
• Secondary thyrotoxicosis
• Graves' disease
NEXT SLIDE
Disorders of Anterior Pituitary Gland
• The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary by producing:
• Releasing hormones
• Inhibiting hormones
• Infarction
Vascular disease (diabetes-induced vascular lesions cause a vascular necrosis of the
adenohypophysis )
• Infections
Tuberculosis, fungi, meningitis
Pyogenic, syphilis
• Radiation
• Hypophysectomy(removal of P. Gland)
Hypopituitarism (cont’…)
• In children lead to short stature and other manifestation of growth
retardation.
• In adults, it does not affect height but does increase bone destructive
GH activity, leading to thinner, more fragile bones.
• S/S: Fatigue, Decrease muscle mass, Loss of libido
• Women: Before puberty: Primary amenorrhea and failure of puberty
development
• After puberty: 2ndary amenorrhea and regression of 2ndary sexual
Gonadotropins
characteristic (breast atrophy, hair loss), Infertility
• Men: Before puberty: Failure of puberty development
(LH & FSH)
• After puberty: Decrease libido or impotence loss of 2ndary sexual
characteristic (facial & body hair loss), Infertility
Myxoedema
Collaborative Assessment
INVESTIGATIONS:
• Blood test of hormones:
• GH, ACTH, LH, PRL, FSH
• Stimulating tests:
• Injection of agents to stimulate specific pituitary hormones
• GH Acromegaly
• PRL Prolactinoma
Pituitary Tumors
Gigantism Acromegaly
symptoms of gigantism
Avoid activities that interfere healing (bending over from waist, straining
during bowel movement-increases ICP) till 2 months of surgery.
Avoid brushing of teeth till 2 weeks.
Frequent mouth care and flossing.
Numbness at incision sight and decreased sense of smell is seen till 3-4
months of surgery.
Use mirror to check gum bleeding.
Hormone replacement with vasopressin to maintain fluid balance.
Teach client to report return symptoms of hyperpituitarism immediately.
Thank you