The document provides information about carpentry competencies and training. It lists the basic, common, and core competencies required for a Carpentry NCII certificate. Basic competencies include workplace communication, teamwork, and safety. Common competencies involve preparing materials and tools, following procedures, and performing calculations. Core competencies center around laying out reference lines, fabricating and installing wooden structures, and more. The document also defines carpentry and lists common carpentry tools.
The document provides information about carpentry competencies and training. It lists the basic, common, and core competencies required for a Carpentry NCII certificate. Basic competencies include workplace communication, teamwork, and safety. Common competencies involve preparing materials and tools, following procedures, and performing calculations. Core competencies center around laying out reference lines, fabricating and installing wooden structures, and more. The document also defines carpentry and lists common carpentry tools.
The document provides information about carpentry competencies and training. It lists the basic, common, and core competencies required for a Carpentry NCII certificate. Basic competencies include workplace communication, teamwork, and safety. Common competencies involve preparing materials and tools, following procedures, and performing calculations. Core competencies center around laying out reference lines, fabricating and installing wooden structures, and more. The document also defines carpentry and lists common carpentry tools.
The document provides information about carpentry competencies and training. It lists the basic, common, and core competencies required for a Carpentry NCII certificate. Basic competencies include workplace communication, teamwork, and safety. Common competencies involve preparing materials and tools, following procedures, and performing calculations. Core competencies center around laying out reference lines, fabricating and installing wooden structures, and more. The document also defines carpentry and lists common carpentry tools.
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JERRY A.
GERONA, RME, ECT
CARPENTRY NCII TRAINER 0975-815-4681 TM 3 KINDS OF COMPETENCY OF CARPENTRY NCII BASIC COMPETENCIES • PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE • PRESENT RELEVANT INFORMATION COMMUNICATION • PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY • WORK IN TEAM ENVIROMENT AND HEALTH POLICIES AND PROCEDURES • SOLVE GENERAL WORKPLACE PROBLEM • EXERCISE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN THE • DEVELOP CAREER AND LIFE DECISION WORKPLACE • CONTRIBUTE TO WORKPLACE INNOVATION • PRACTICE ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN THE WORKPLACE PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION WORK IN A TEAM ENVIRONMENT SOLVE GENERAL WORKPLACE PROBLEM PRACTICE CAREER PROFESSIONALISM PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES CONTRIBUTE TO WORKPLACE INNOVATION PRESENT RELEVANT INFORMATION EXERCISE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN THE WORKPLACE PRACTICE ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN THE WORKPLACE COMMON COMPETENCY • PREPARE CONSTRUCTION • MAINTAIN TOOLS AND MATERIALS AND TOOLS EQUIPMENT • OBSERVE PROCEDURES, SPECIFICATIONS AND MANUALS OF INSTRUCTION • PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATIONS PREPARE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TOOLS OBSERVE PROCEDURES, SPECIFICATIONS AND MANUALS OF INSTRUCTION PERFORM MENSURATIONS AND CALCULATIONS MAINTAIN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT CORE COMPETENCY • LAYOUT REFERENCE LINES • INSTALL WOODEN FLOOR SUPPORTS AND PANELS • FABRICATE, INSTALL AND REMOVE WOODEN FORMWORKS • FABRICATE AND INSTALL ROOFING SYSTEM • INSTALL WOODEN DOOR JAMB, WINDOWS FRAME AND PANELS • FABRICATE AND INSTALL WOODEN CABINET • INSTALL CEILING AND WALL FRAMES AND PANELS • FABRICATE AND INSTALL WOODEN STAIRS LAYOUT REFERENCE LINES FABRICATE, INSTALL AND REMOVE WOODEN FORMWORKS INSTALL WOODEN DOOR JAMB, WINDOWS FRAME AND PANELS INSTALL CEILING AND WALL FRAMES AND PANELS FABRICATE AND INSTALL WOODEN STAIRS INSTALL WOODEN FLOOR SUPPORTS AND PANELS FABRICATE AND INSTALL ROOFING SYSTEM FABRICATE AND INSTALL WOODEN CABINET CARPENTRY NCII CERTIFICATE
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE NATIONAL
CERTIFICATE II (NCII) WHAT IS CARPENTRY The Definition of Carpentry CARPENTRY • Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges and concrete formwork. CARPENTRY TOOLS The tools used when doing carpentry work CROW BAR
Crowbars are commonly used to open nailed wooden crates.
Common uses for larger crowbars are: removing nails, prying apart boards, and generally breaking things. CLAW HAMMER The main use of a claw hammer is to pound in and remove nails. However, you can also use this versatile tool for other purposes, such as minor demo, digging holes, or straightening out thin metal. SLEDGE HAMMER The sledge hammer is a heavy-duty hammer used for demolition jobs where high force is required. PLUMB BOB A plumb bob is a weight with a pointed tip on the bottom that's hung from a string, and it's used to establish a vertical reference (called a plumb line). It can be used to make sure that constructions are plumb, but it can also be used in surveying to establish the nadir with respect to gravity at a specific point. PULL PUSH RULE A pull push rule is something that is stretched to measure long stocks and can retract by itself to a coil in a compact case. It can be used to measure long, short, and straight lengths. This tool is also useful for woodworking and metalworking to mark out the lines for cutting or other operations. L -SQUARE An L-shaped square used in woodworking for checking an inside or outside angle when assembling workpieces, such as boxes. They are designed to be rigid enough to be clamped in place. SPIRIT LEVEL BAR A Spirit Level Bar is a tool used to indicate how parallel (level) or perpendicular (plumb) a surface is relative to the earth. A spirit level gets its name from the mineral spirit solution inside the levels. HACK SAW A hacksaw is mainly used for cutting thin metal such as aluminum, brass, steel, or copper. Hacksaws are also used for cutting plastics such as PVC, PEX, or ABS on pipes or on sheet goods made of PVC, polystyrene, and more. CROSS CUT SAW A crosscut saw (thwart saw) is any saw designed for cutting wood perpendicular to (across) the wood grain. Crosscut saws may be small or large, with small teeth close together for fine work like woodworking or large for coarse work like log bucking, and can be a hand tool or power tool. C CLAMP A C-clamp or G-clamp or G-cramp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal workpiece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. CEMENT Cement is mainly used as a binder in concrete, which is a basic material for all types of construction, including housing, roads, schools, hospitals, dams and ports, as well as for decorative applications (for patios, floors, staircases, driveways, pool decks) and items like tables, sculptures or bookcases. ELECTRIC HAND DRILL Drills are primarily used for drilling circular holes in material, or for inserting screws and other threaded fasteners into material. Drills are also available in the impact driver configuration, high-torque tools primarily used for driving screws and tightening nuts. AUGER DRILL BIT Auger drill bits are bits used to drill holes into wood. They are commonly used for boring holes into bulkheads and general timber applications. These drill bits come with a spiral drill bit head which, when drilling, is designed to pull the bit into the wood BENCH VISE It is used to hold a specific thing to perform different tasks, such as gluing, filing, sawing, or pounding. Sawing is performed in carpentry. A bench vice is used when you use a saw to cut metal or wood. A heavy duty bench vice is used to grip the material effectively when you cut the object. SCREWDRIVER A screwdriver is a tool that is used for turning screws. It consists of a metal rod with a flat or cross-shaped end that fits into the top of the screw. CHISEL a hand tool used for carving, cutting, shaping hard materials such as wood, stone, metal. It is one of the most common tools used to shape wood, mostly in carpentry work. CABINET SCRAPER Cabinet scrapers are used manually to scrape small amounts of material from the surface of wood – to smooth it, shape it, or remove an old finish from its surface NAIL a slender metal shaft that is pointed at one end and flattened at the other end and is used for fastening one or more objects to each other. STRING LINE LEVEL Line levels (or "string" levels) are a special brand of spirit level used for leveling across longer distances. CHALK LINE MARKER A chalk line or chalk box is a tool for marking long, straight lines on relatively flat surfaces, much farther than is practical by hand or with a straightedge. They may be used to lay out straight lines between two points, or vertical lines by using the weight of the line reel as a plumb line. CARPENTRY TERMS GLOSSARY OF TERMS • Bill – a statement of payment due to goods and services
• Damage – a destruction, injury, or harm to a person or thing
• Job – a piece of work of a definite extent or character for a set of fee
• Material – a stuff upon which a thing is made
• Quantity – a number, amount in size
• Requisition – act of requiring something to be furnished; a written request for
something authorized but not made available automatically
• Tool – a simple implement, as a hammer, saw, and spade chisel etc. used in work
• Work – something made or accomplished
KINDS OF CHISEL The kinds and uses and meanings PARTS OF CHISEL HOT CHISEL Hot chisel is used for cutting hot metals in blacksmith’s workshop. There is a hole in a chisel in which a wooden handle is fixed. Their cutting edge is made at an angle of 30°. While using this part, it is frequently dipped into water for making it cold so that its edges remain intact. COLD CHISEL Cold chisels are generally used in sheet metal and fitter trade workshops. With cold chisel cutting or chipping of metal can be done when these metals are in cold condition. FLAT CHISEL In these types of chisel, It is an all-metal chisel used for obtaining a flat surface on metal by chipping. This chisel is used to cut wires, thin sheets and round rods etc. The edge of this chisel is in “V” shape and is flat, which is raised from the centre. Because of this projected parts, it does not get stuck into the cut surface, while chipping. COW MOUTH CHISEL In these types of chisel, Its shape is like that of the broad mouth of a cow. That is why it is known as cow mouth chisel. Edges of the protruding parts of plain metal and rivet heads and big round holes are made with it. Its forging angle is at an angle. CROSS CUT CHISEL It is mainly used to cut square slots and channels. Keyway on a shaft is made with this chisel. Its cutting edge is from 3 mm to 12 mm in width. In order to ensure that this chisel does not get stuck into the grooves and slits while using it in the grooves and slits, the part behind its edge is made comparatively thin. DIAMOND POINT CHISEL This is made of good quality steel. Its shape is square and it is tapered. Its edge is pointed and of the shape of a diamond. On the basis of its square ends, its measurement is determined. Square corners and triangle corners are cleaned with it. We can make a groove in plain surface with this chisel. ROUND NOSE CHISEL Its edge is round. It is used for making an oil groove in a bearing and for cutting slits at corners. Its forging angle is at and cutting angle is of 35 ° to 40 °. In such jobs where the drill is dislocated at the time of drilling and some substance is left, the leftover metal is set right with this chisel. SIDE CUT CHISEL Where other types of chisel cannot be used easily, side cut chisels are used. The keyway and cotter way is cleaned with this chisel. It is almost similar to the flat chisel but the part which performs the function of cutting is turned to one side. It is turned at an angle and then forged. Its cutting angle is generally at and forging angle at an angle. CHISEL USING METHODS • Chisel is used for cutting and chipping a thin metal sheet, plate, round rod and such other material. In fig cutting of a metal plate has been illustrated. The following points should be kept in mind while using a chisel 1. Accurate marking should be done on the metal to be cut. 2. Always hold the chisel properly with your left hand and the hammer in your right hand. 3. Set the chisel properly on the marked line then strike the hammer on its head. Before striking the second blow on the chisel, it should be set again. 4. While cutting with a chisel we should concentrate on its cutting edge. 5. Strike the hammer blow at the centre of the head of the chisel. PRECAUTIONS OF USING CHISEL • At the time of chipping, we must always use safety goggles. • Keep your face towards the wall, while chipping. • If someone is working in your front, you should fix chipping guard at the rear of the vice so that chips do not hit him. • The mushroom head chisel should never be used for chipping. • There should not be any greasy substance on the chisel head and face of the hammer being used for chipping. • An extraordinarily long chisel should not be used for chipping. • While chipping we should keep on applying grease on the edge of the chisel. KINDS OF HAMMER The kinds and uses and meanings CLAW HAMMER Claw hammers are available in a variety of materials, styles, and lengths. CROSS PIN HAMMER This instrument is not appropriate for metalworking and is a modest variant of the cross peen hammer. It’s best used for cabinetry, light joinery, and other woodworking projects. SLEDGE HAMMER Straightening round rods, iron bars, angle iron, channel, or flat iron is a common task for the tools in blacksmithing. It has the appearance of a double-faced hammer. BALL PEEN HAMMER Ball peen hammers are generally made of high–carbon steel that has been honed to a smooth surface. It has a flat striking hammer face and circular bell. The hemispherical is widely used for delicate rounding work and gasket fabrication RUBBER HAMMER The rubber hammer, also known as a rubber mallet, is an exceptionally useful instrument when gentle but strong strikes are required. Upholstery hammers, woodworking hammers, and sheet metal hammers are all frequent uses for this type of hammer. Because the rubber head produces minimum damage, it’s an excellent choice for hammering materials like plasterboard into place. TACK HAMMER Upholstery hammers, also known as tack hammers, are used by persons who make seats and chairs with soft cushioning. This one-of-a-kind hammer has two long claw-like heads, one of which is magnetic. DEAD BLOW HAMMER Hammerheads of this type are designed for low recoil and mild strikes. A solid rubber or plastic head, or a semi–hollow head filled with sand or a lead tablet, is frequently used. KNIFE EDGE HAMMER In all intents and purposes, a knife–edged hammer resembles an axe with a flat square hammer on the other side. It’s considerably simpler to cut and split wood with a knife edge, and sharpening the wood is easier with a flat surface. BRICK HAMMER A brick hammer is a tool used by stonemasons to shape and breakstone, brick, and concrete. It features a smooth square face and a sharp chisel peen. FRAMING HAMMER You can avoid applying unnecessary force to massive nails by using the framing hammer. It weighs nearly twice as much as a standard claw hammer. DRYWALL HAMMER A drywall hammer, as the name implies, is used to round up or down drywall. It frequently has a serrated front face, which makes it better for pounding nails and driving them precisely than a conventional hammer. BODY MECHANIC HAMMER This hammer is made up of a flat head, a long peen, and a conical die. They are used in conjunction with a bent anvil to eliminate the dent in the car’s panel. A body mechanic’s hammer is another name for it PLANISHING HAMMER These hammers have a cylindrical die and a beak with a somewhat convex head. During the planning stage, it is used to precisely shape and smooth the metal, allowing it to adopt the shape of the snakehead. A levelling types of hammers are a tiny hammer that is typically used to shape and smooth fine–shaped metal. PROSPECTORS HAMMER This hammerhead is popular among geologists due to its flat, smooth, or textured stunning face. The peen tapers to a single spike–shaped claw that comes in during the attack complex groundwork The handle is short and ergonomically designed to minimize hotspots while maintaining a firm grip SPLITTING MAUL HAMMER A splitting hammer looks like a combination of a sledgehammer and an ax. The head of the ax is sharpened to the point used to break the tree. The side of the hammerhead of the sledgehammer can be used to hit the tree, or more generally, to drive nails into the tree as much as possible to prepare it for the tool. Both sides of the head are designed to reduce the chance of getting caught in a tree. STRAIGHT PEEN HAMMER It’s similar to a cross peen hammer, however, the peen is angled vertically instead of horizontally. Straight peen hammers, like cross peen hammers, are used for shaping and nailing metal. CHIPPING HAMMER A chipping hammer is another name for welding hammers. At one end, there’s a spherical chisel, and at the other, there’s an upright pein. This hammer’s handle has a spiral pattern that resembles spring. SOFT FACED HAMMER Soft hammers are utilized on projects that are prone to leave scars when we strike a hammer blow. Wood, Bakelite, plastic, brass, copper, or aluminum are used to make these hammers. Mallet refers to a wooden hammer. Some plastic or nylon hammers are constructed in such a way that the interior of the hammer is composed of iron. They feature a cap made of plastic or nylon on both ends. HALF HACHET HAMMER The half–hatchet hammers are a combination of an ax and a hammer, giving the user a choice of possibilities. It’s also known as a rigging axe, and it’s useful in a variety of situations. BLOCKING HAMMER On one side, the hammer has a flat, square head and on the other, it has a cylindrical head. Another hammer used by blacksmiths is this one. On a block or anvil, it can be used to shape metal. BUSHING HAMMER With an extended metalhead, the bushing hammer resembles a tenderizer. They are used to provide a stone with a rough texture, which can be attractive or to make the stone’s path less slippery. BRASS HAMMER The brass hammers are made to pound steel pins without causing damage to the surface. It may be found in both car and woodworking shops. The tapered, cylindrical double–head of a brass hammer is used to sharpen steel pins without injuring the surrounding surface. The brass hammer, as its name implies, has a brass cylindrical double head that is ideal for striking steel pins into various materials without causing damage to the surrounding region. KINDS OF SAW The kinds and uses and meanings HACK SAW The hack saw was created to cut through metal, and due to its thin blade, it works well to cut through thin materials such as plastic or metal pipes. For very occasional use, it could also be used as a multi-purpose saw for cutting through wood, but this could damage the blade. COPING SAW The coping saw, as the hack saw, has a blade that is secured in place by tension. It is used for making curved cuts on wood, and in fact, this is where it gets its name from, as it is ideally used to create coping joints rather than miter joints. CROSS CUT SAW This saw is used for making rough cuts of wood, for example, trimming branches or cutting lumber, and is designed to cut across the grain of the wood (i.e., perpendicular to the grain). These saws have large teeth and a relatively thick blade to make it sturdy against rough wood. BOW CUT SAW A bow cut saw is a modern type of crosscut saw. It is a medium-sized hand tool that is most commonly used outdoors for pruning trees and cutting logs. A bow cut saw has crosscut teeth that are able to remove sawdust while being pushed in and out. FRET SAW These saws are designed to complete much more intricate woodwork. The name of ‘fret’ comes from the French word ‘freter,’ which translates in English to ‘lattice,’ as this saw was made for use on latticework. KEYHOLE SAW These saws take the shape of a dagger, with a blade that comes to a point at the opposite end of a single handle. They are also known as ‘jab saws’ because the sharp point allows them to jab through materials such as drywall, and then saw through. Their thin blade makes them ideal for making awkward cutting maneuvers or making small holes. JAPANESE SAW A Japanese saw consists of a strong and narrow blade attached to a handle at one end. These are designed to cut on the pull motion, unlike most other saws that cut on the push motion. The benefit of this is a cleaner and narrower cut. RIP CUT SAW A rip cut saw is one of the most common types of saws that anyone who works with wood will own, and probably the saw that gets used the most often as it is versatile and suitable for a number of jobs. A rip cut saw is designed to cut wood parallel to the grain. BACK SAW These saws are also known as dovetail saws, as they are ideal for making dovetail joints that require precision and accuracy. These saws have fine teeth and narrow blades, making them suitable for making exact cuts. PRUNING SAW These saws are specifically designed for use in the garden, as a quick and easy means of pruning trees and large shrubs. They have a single curved handle attached to a curved blade, and can easily access even hard to reach branches hidden amongst dense-growing trees. VENEER SAW These saws are designed for cutting hardwood veneers, laminates, and plastics. They are a double-edged saw with a small, curved blade, usually measuring just 3 or 4 inches long. Their size means they are only useful for working on small areas, but they offer fast and smooth results. WALLBOARD SAW Also known as drywall saws, these saws look very similar to keyhole saws. The difference is that wallboard saws usually have shorter and wider blades. Their blades are also often double-edged, with sharp teeth running along both the top and bottom sides of the blade. These saws have a pointed nose and are used for punching holes into drywall or paneling. CAMPING SAW There are many types of camping saws available, offering various features and differing designs. For most people who will need a saw when camping, the most important elements are that the saw is versatile and able to cut a range of materials and that it is compact and lightweight for easy portability. The folding camping saw fits all of these criteria, being ideal for slipping into a pocket of clothing or a bag. BONE SAW A bone saw as you might expect, is for cutting bones. These are used primarily in the meat butchering trade, or by hunters to make cuts through deer or other game. MEASUREMENT CHART KINDS OF WOOD JOINTS The kinds and uses and meanings BUTT JOINT The end of a timber board is called the “butt.” Woodworkers forming this joint are placing two ends together at a right angle to create a corner. Mechanical fasteners such as nails or screws are necessary to preserve this joinery. You see this technique used most often when building wall or attic framing. Some picture frames, decking, and sandboxes also use it. MITER JOINT Since the miter joint has minimal strength, it is typically used for trim and molding purposes. Depending on the purpose, you may need to strengthen the miter joint by adding nails. A classic example of mitered butt joinery is the wooden picture frames. HALF LAP JOINT Woodworkers use this joint to join two boards together to create a flush surface. It happens most often when a connection is needed in the middle of the timber, although corner connections are also possible. CROSS LAP JOINT You see this woodworking joint used for framing and cabinetry quite often. A birdsmouth joint is a common variation used when the connection must be at an angle. POCKET HOLE JOINT Pocket-hole joinery is where a basic butt joint is fastened using screws that are at an angle. It requires the woodworkers to drill a pilot hole between the two boards. The two pieces get connected with a screw to create a durable, flat surface for the wood. Usually, the holes are drilled at a 15-degree angle. Since the hole for the screw must get pre-drilled, measurement accuracy is critical to this technique’s success. The best way to accurately do this by using a pocket-hole jig to drill the holes. Cabinet doors and face frames often use this technique. Pocket joint is also sometimes found in door jambs and residential archways. TONGUE & GROOVE JOINT All high-traffic flat surfaces benefit from the use of tongue and groove joinery. Tongue and groove joinery can also be used to form square joints. In this case, the groove is cut into the surface of the board and the tongue is milled on the edge. DADO JOINT The dado joinery method is similar to a tongue and groove joint. The only difference is that the dado is cut across the woodgrain whereas a groove is cut in the grain direction which is usually along the length of the board. Moreover, there is no tongue carved on the edges, instead, the groove is cut wider to accept the thickness of the mating piece. BISCUIT JOINT Woodworkers use this technique to create a more robust version of the butt joint using tongue and groove principles. Both ends of the timber get a slot cut into them to hold a small wafer that acts as a connection. When the glue gets added to the insert, it starts swelling until the entire carved-out area gets filled. Most tabletops and wooden counters use the biscuit joinery method to create a more reliable joint suitable for daily use. You can use the woodworking tool called biscuit joiner or plate joiner to make this type of edge joints accurately. A dowel joint is a modification of this option. In dowel joints, instead of biscuit slots, you will drill holes and put wooden pins along with glue blocks. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT This type of wood joint is often used in furniture making and crafts. Your table legs are most probably joined by a stopped mortise and tenon joint and the chair legs are often attached with the help of angle mortise. RABBET JOINT This technique allows a flat piece, such as the back of a cabinet, to sit flush with both sides for a seamless finish. A variation of this joint is the dado rabbet joint. You also see this joint used in windowsills and doors when glass inserts must sit within a frame. DOVETAIL JOINT Woodworkers use this option to add strength to a corner. It uses interlock joinery of a series of pins and tails to create a resilient edge that can be used for furniture, cabinetry, and framing. HALF BLIND DOVETAIL JOINT Most drawers use this joint design because it features a trapezoid design for the pins that fit together at the end of the timber. Woodworkers use it to avoid having the connection visible from the front of the piece without compromising their work’s strength. SLIDING DOVETAIL Yet another variation of dovetail joinery is the sliding dovetail joint, which works like a tongue and groove while using the dovetail technique. BOX JOINT This joint works at the end of two timber pieces to build a seamless right angle. You carve out a series of symmetrical slots to form rectangular projections called fingers. Once you glue the connection, the fingers get inserted to create a permanent bond that results in a solid corner. Box joinery is an effective alternative to dovetail joints. The dovetail joinery works best on hardwood and it requires a complex machining process. BRIDLE JOINT This approach uses a modified version of the mortise and tenon joint. Instead of cutting a square piece to form a corner, woodworkers create a lengthy edge that fits into a grooved receptacle. It creates a right angle through this connection with three adequate surfaces that hold adhesive for added strength. FINGER JOINTS This type of wood joinery technique is mainly used to join two pieces of wood to make a longer board. A lengthening joint usually has a larger gluing surface between the joined pieces. WINDOW DIAGRAM DOOR JAMB DIAGRAM