Freedom of

the human
person
 This lesson
highlights freedom
from the intellectual,
political, spiritual,
and economic
aspects. To be free is

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a part of humanity’s 2
 1. REALIZE THAT
“ACTION HAS CONSEQUENCES”
ARISTOTLE.
The Power of Volition (the power to make your own choice or decisions)
-the imperative quality of a judgment of the practical intellect is meaningless,
apart from will.
Reasons can be legislate (control), but only through will can its legislation be
translated into action.
If there is no intellect, there would be no will.
The will of humanity is an instrument of free choice. It is within the power of
everyone to be good or bad , worthy or worthless. This is borne out by:

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 • Our inner awareness of an aptitude to do right or wrong;
• The common testimony of all human beings;
• The rewards and punishment of rules.
• The general employment of praise and blame.
Moral acts, which are always particular acts, are in our power
and we are responsible excuse for immoral conduct.

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 For Aristotle, a human being is
rational (based on facts or reason
and not by emotion ).reason is a
divine characteristic. Humans have
the spark of the divine. If there
were no intellect there would be no
will.
Our will is an
instrument of free
choice. As shown in
reason, will, and action
drives from each other.
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  The power of change, however, cannot be done by human beings alone but is
achieved through cooperation with god. Between humanity,And god, there is
the gap, which god alone can bridge through his power.
 For love is in consonance with humanity’s free nature, for law commands
and complete, love only calls and invites. St.Thomas emphasizes the
freedom of humanity but chooses love in governing humanity’s life.
 since god is love, love, then love is the guiding principle of humanity
towards self-perception and happiness his ultimate destiny.

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 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
“LOVE IS FREEDOM
 Of all creatures of god, human beings have the
unique power to change themselves and the
things around them for the better.
 Human being, therefore, has a supernatural
transcendent destiny. This means that he can
rise above his ordinary being or self to the
highest being or self.
 This is in line with the idea of St. thomas that
in the plan of god, a human being has to
develop and perfect himself by doing his daily
tasks.
 Hence if a human being perseveringly lives a
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righteous and virtuous life, he transcends his 7
moral stale of life and soars to an immortal
 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
“SPIRITUALS FREEDOM”

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 St. Thomas Aquinas establishes the
existence of god as the first human
beings have the unique power to
change. Themselves and things around
them for the better.
As humans, we are both material and
spiritual. We have a conscience
because of our spirituality. God is love
and love is our destiny.

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JEAN PAUL SARTRE
“INDIVIDUALS
FREEDOM”
 Sartre’s philosophy is considered
to be presentative of existentialism.
The human person is a desire to be
a god the human person builds the
road to the destiny of his/her
choosing; he/she is the creator.
 Sastre emphasizes the importance
of a free individual to influence
and coerce our desire, belief, and
decisions.
 To be human, to conscious, is to be
free to imagine, free to choose, and
responsible for one’s life
 jean jacques rousseau
“SOCIAL CONTRACT”
 He is the most famous and influential
philosopher of the French enlightenment in the
18th century. In this book the social contract. The
elaborated his theory of human nature.
 Human beings have to form a community or
civil community to protect themselves from one
another because the nature of human beings is to
wage war against one another. and since by
nature, humanity tends toward self –
preservation, then it follows that they have to
come to a free mutual agreement to protect
themselves.
 Hobbes thinks that to end the continuous and
self-destructive condition of warfare, humanity
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founded the state with its sovereign power of
Rousseau believes that a human being is born free and good. now, he is
in chains and becomes bad due to the evil influence of society,
civilization, learning, and progress.
Because of this human being lost their original goodness, their primitive
tranquility of spirit.
In order to restore peace, being his freedom back, and as he returned to
his true self, he saw the necessity and come to from the state through the
social contract whereby everyone grants his individual rights to the
general will.
The term social contract is a certain way of looking at the society of
voluntary collection of agreeable individuals.
There must be a common power or government which the plurality of
individuals(citizen)should confer all their power and strength into
(freedom) one will(ruler).
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 THOMAS HOBBES “Theory of social contract “
LAW OF NATURE
-is a precept or general rule established by reason, by which a person is
forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life or takes away the means of
preserving the same; and to omit that by which he thinks it may be best
preserved.
SECOND LAW OF NATURE
-divest our self of certain rights.
CONTRACT
-mutual transferring or rights. One cannot contract to give up his right to self-
defense or self preservation since it his sole motive for entering any contract.
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 SELF PRESERVATION
-is what leads us to form commonwealth of states .
THIRD LAW OF NATURE
-the fundamental law of nature seeks peace and
follows it, while at the same time, by the sum of
natural right, we should defent ourselves by all
means that we can.
2 types of commonwealth exist by
INSTITUTION and by ACQUISITION.
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 2.EVALUATE AND EXERCISE PRUDENCE IN
CHOICES

-CAREFUL GOOD JUDGMENT THAT ALLOW SOMEONE TO

AVOID DANGER OR RISK.
 Skinner maintains that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences.
 Yelon accepted that behavioral psychology is at fault for having overanalyzed the words
reward and punishment. We might have miscalculated the effect of the environment on
individuals.
 There should be a balance in our relationship with others and the environment.
 Skinner thinks that the problem is to free human beings not from control but from certain
kinds of control, and it can be solved only if we accept the fact that we depend upon the
world around us and we simply change the nature of dependency.
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 We do not need to destroy the environment or escape from it .what is
needed, according to skinner, is to redesign it.
Life is full of paradoxes, nobody could control it. We have to be open
to life, learn to accept, and live with paradoxes. learning with
contradiction is not the same as living in contradiction.
In the spirituality of imperfection, we learn to accept that life, and our
environment is both evil and good. We learn to be flexible and
adaptable.
Indeed, the theory of freedom has a negative and positive task. Our
lives should not be merely controlled by rewards and punishments.
According to Yelon , punishment is an educative measure, and as such
is a means to the formation of motives, which are in part to prevent
the wrongdoing from repeating and in a part to prevent others from
committing a similar act.
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  Indeed, the environment plays a
significant part in our lives. Since the
stone age. We had proven that we are
not completely under its mercy. We
have and shall continue to tame and
adapt to the changes in the conditions
of the environment.

 As Plato believes, the soul of every

individual possesses the power of
learning the truth and living and
living in a society that is according to
its nature.
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 3. CHOICE HAVE CONSEQUENCES AND SOME THINGS ARE GIVEN
UP WHILE OTHERS ARE OBTAINED IN MAKING CHOICES

20th century gave rise to the importance of the individual, the opposites of
medieval thought that was a god.
For Ayn rand, the individual mind is the tool for economic progress, since
the mind is important, the sector that molds it should not be controlled by
the government.
Rand believes that thinking is volitional . A person has the freedom to
think or not.
Rand cited the right to gain , to keep , to use , and to dispose of material
values . Most developed countries have disposed their toxic wastes
developing countries.
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 Filipino embraced family and political parties. For the Filipino, one
does not only fulfill the reason of the mind but of the heart and
personal involvement as well.
Filipino look at themselves as holistic from interior dimensions under
the principle of harmony.
Filipinos loob is the basis of the Christian value of sensitivity to the
needs of others and gratitude. It encompassed give-and-take
relationships among Filipino.
As such, repaying those who have helped us is a manifestation of
utang na loob or debt of gratitude. Loob prioritized family, relatives,
and even non-kinsmen(male relatives).
It bridges individual differences and is a common factor among
human beings.
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 The concept of rand’s free individual and Filipino’s view of the
free human being may have differences but can be overcome.
The potential of the Filipino should be able to grow so that he
will be aware of his uniqueness. Children should be brought up
to the identity of the members of the family and simultaneously
with that of the nation.
Self-sufficiency (kasarinlan)should recognize human worth
and dignity.
Kagandahang loob, kabutihang loob and kalooban are terms
that show sharing of one’s self to others. Loob puts one in
touch with his fellow beings.

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 4. SHOW SITUATIONS THAT DEMONSTRATE
FREEDOM OF CHOICE AND THE CONSEQUENCES
OF THEIR CHOICES

According to rand, individual freedom should be aligned with economic

freedom. He Filipino harmony can be a helping value to the full development
of Filipinos if it opens up to embrace the whole Philippine society.
There are cases where the Filipino may adversely affect the social and
financial status of the one moving upward the social ladder. For instance. the
more well-off member of a family share their gains with their relatives and
friends in need.
Sometimes, the beneficiaries of the monetary assistance (utang or loan) just
use the money for non-essentials. Where there is more important concern
that should be prioritized.
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  A leader or manager with “Magandang kalooban “ is not
passive but plays an active role in economic development.
leaders should not just focus on the impact of job
performance but treats every individual worker as a person
and not as an object.
“kasarinlan” promotes entrepreneurship which minimizes
foreign control of Filipinos.
Individualism should be tied with social responsibility and
should not be just “Tayo-tayo” or “kami-kami”. Our own
individuality should be interacting with others.
As individuals who are free, Filipinos should recognize their
own brand of uniqueness, instead of copying foreign
cultures,
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  for Aristotle and rand, reason and will
or volition are part of our being human.
In relation to this, Filipino had proven
mature thinking, pertaining to EDSA
REVOLUTION.
The decision is based on the Filipinos’
belief in freedom. They also voluntarily
risked their lives as they face danger.
Again, the EDSA revolution is one
example of the social contract as
discussed earlier in this lesson.
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MEMBER:
DAHANG
MONTEALTO
BAZAR
MEMEJE
BALUCA
PICULADOS
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS…