LECTURE 10 - Building Services
LECTURE 10 - Building Services
LECTURE 10 - Building Services
SERVICE SYSTEMS
CE409 BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGN
WHAT IS A
BUILDING?
A structure that has a roof and walls and stands permanently in one place.
The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter to its occupants.
WHAT IS BUILDING
SERVICE?
Building function cannot be limited to provide shelter only. Basically
“Building Services” is what that make the building comes to life. i.e. what
makes the building work.
Building should be designed in such a way to provide an
environment
where people can feel comfortable, work, live and achieve.
So, everything inside a building which makes it safe and comfortable,
comes under “Building Services”.
WHAT IS BUILDING
SERVICE?
A building must do what it was designed to do - not just provide shelter
but also provide a safe, comfortable and livable environment.
Building services contribute largely to the sustainability and functioning of
the building.
Building services systems are essential provisions for a building,
accounting for 20% to 40% of the total construction cost.
WHAT IS BUILDING
SERVICE?
INTRODUCTION
Building service is one of the important parts for a building because it will
make a building to function well. Building service is responsible for the
design, installation, and operation and monitoring of the mechanical,
electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and
environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings. Modern
technology of building service can make a building to become more safety
or more comfortable. While building developers are increasingly being
asked to analyze and improve building security, developing technologies
assisting engineers in the pursuit of safe working environments couldn't
have better timing.
INTRODUCTION
Hence, innovation of new building service is important so that the level of
safety and comfortable can be increases. Building services influence the
architecture of a building and play a significant role on the sustainability
and energy demand of a building. Within building services engineering,
new roles are emerging, for example in the areas of renewable energy,
sustainability, low carbon technologies and energy management. With
buildings accounting for around 50% of all carbon emissions, building
services engineers play a significant role in combating climate change.
INTRODUCTION
As such, a typical building services engineer has a wide-ranging career
path. Communication lines, telephones and IT networks (ICT) also make
an important role in building service, and the modern technology for the
ICT is fiber optics that makes use of fiber optics than normal internet
cable, hence this can hugely increases the speed of internet because
fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them
with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers
are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so they can be
used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in tight spaces.
Building services
include:
HVAC
Water supply
Drainage and Plumbing
Lighting-Day and Artificial
Communications, Telephones and IT Networks
Energy Supply- Gas, Electricity and renewable resources
Automation
Kitchen
Building services
include:
Acoustics
Fire Detection and Protection
Security and Alarm Systems
Escalators and Lifts
Ventilation and Refrigeration
Harnessing Solar, Wind and Biomass energy
Facade Engineering
IMPORTANCE OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Today with the advancement of sciences and technology, all those building
services listed above are more modern and became indispensable for
buildings.
As an example certain types of building such as department store or
industrial buildings are almost 100% dependent of electrical lighting,
ventilating and space heating.
High rise buildings rely on vertical transportation and high speed pressure
for water supply.
IMPORTANCE OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Although those services are indispensable for modern buildings, they also
have an impact. In fact the implementation of those services demands a
considerable amount of floor and ceiling so proper planning is necessary
for their allocation.
Increase of ceiling and floors will lead to an increase of the cost of
construction to which building construction team should be aware of. One
of the considerable impacts on building is the increase of energy
consumption which does not only affect the building but the environment
as well.
IMPORTANCE OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
In fact designing, construction, operating
and maintaining buildings
demand a considerable amount of energy, water and other resources
which lead to a large amounts of waste.
The complexity of mechanical and electrical systems varies according the
living standard of the society, the climatic conditions of the region and the
occupancy and quality of the building.
OBJECTIVES OF BUILDING
SERVICES ENGINEERING
DESIGN
Hygiene (prevent disease & ensure health)
Safety (protect against risks)
Comfort (physio- & psycho- well-beings)
Convenience (efficiency & productivity)
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Building services engineers design building services systems. They also
supervise their installation and operation. Certain types of buildings need
complex building services.
For example, computer rooms need precise controls of temperature and
humidity, hospital operating theatres must be completely sterile and
factories must prevent any harmful fumes from going into the
atmosphere.
Office buildings, swimming pools, cold stores, museums and leisure
centers also have particular requirements that building services engineers
need to meet.
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Some building services engineers are mainly office-based as they
specialize in design work. They work closely with the architect, the
customer and other members of the design team to prepare a design for a
building project. This includes all drawings and detailed specifications for
use by the contractor. They often use computer-aided design (CAD)
packages for this work.
Designs must meet environmental needs, use energy efficiently and meet
the budget set by the customer. Engineers need overall knowledge of the
full range of building services, although they usually specialize in either
mechanical services or lighting/electrical services.
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Building services engineers maintain close links with other professionals
such as the construction manager and the surveyor to decide how many
staff are needed and to work out costs. They supervise the installation of
the building services and inspect the quality of the work, dealing with any
problems that arise.
BSE career opportunities also arise in the fields of Construction Project
Management and Facilities Management particularly in the area of modern
industrial facilities involving clean room manufacturing, such as in
pharmaceutical and electronics production.
WORK
ACTIVITIES
Typical works of building services consulting firms include:
Feasibility, inspection, technical reports, estimating
Design, specification, drawings, tender procurement
Contract management, site supervision, cost control
Activities vary according to the specialist area of work and employer (for
example, client/end-user, building contractor or engineering consultancy).
However, tasks typically involve:
negotiating and developing project contracts and agreeing these with
clients, if working in consultancy, and putting out tenders;
commissioning, organizing and assessing the work of contractors;
WORK
ACTIVITIES
working with detailed diagrams, plans and drawings;
using specialist computer-aided design (CAD) and
resources
software to design the systems required for the project; other
managing and forecasting spend, using whole life cycle
costing techniques, ensuring that work is kept to budget;
designing site-specific equipment as required;
overseeing and supervising the installation of building systems
and
specifying maintenance and operating procedures;
WORK
ACTIVITIES
monitoring building systems and processes;
making decisions about expired systems equipment and the appropriate
location of new equipment;
facilities management;
liaising closely with other professionals, including structural
engineers, builders, architects and surveyors, and in-house project
teams;
attending a range of project group and technical meetings;
WORK
ACTIVITIES
ensuring that the design and maintenance of building systems meets
legislative and health and safety requirements;
advising clients and architects on energy use and conservation in a
range of buildings and sites, aiming to minimize the environmental
impact and reduce the carbon footprint;
working on a variety of projects within a short period of time.
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Building should be design with features to provide better lighting,
comfortable space, temperature and air quality, convenient power and
communication capability, high quality sanitation and reliable systems for
the protection of life and property. Building services are mainly divided
into mechanical, electrical and building operation systems. They are all
very important and should be put into consideration during planning,
designing and construction of a building.
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Mechanical systems include:
HVAC Systems: heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
Site drainage: water, drainage, sanitary disposal.
Plumbing: water distribution, water treatment, sanitary facilities.
Fire protection: water supply, stand pipe, fire and smoke
detection,
annunciation.
Gas supply
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Electrical systems include:
Electrical power: standby, emergency power supply
normal, distribution. and
Lighting: interior, exterior, emergency light.
Auxiliary: telephone, data, audio and video sound
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING
SERVICES
Building operation systems include:
Transportation: elevators, escalators, moving walkways.
Processing: product, food, services.
Automation: environmental control and management.
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
The water distributed for fire protection, domestic, commercial,
agricultural, and industrial uses is treated. The general guidelines for
treated water are: The water must be clean, colorless, odorless, free from
suspension and harmful bacteria. Water supply system is set up in urban
and suburban areas, as well as most of the rural areas. The purpose of
distribution system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate
quality, quantity and pressure.
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
There are 3 types of water distribution system:
Gravity system
Direct pumped system
Gravity and pumped combination.
Copper Pipe Type Distribution Pipe, Rising Rigid, Blue in Color, will
L Main, Service Pipe not corrode and
long lasting
Rising Main 6
Overflow Pipe 5
Distribution Pipe 4
Freight Elevator
Hydraulic Elevator
Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator
that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another
hydraulic fluid into the piston. The elevator descends as a valve releases
the fluid from the piston. They are used for low-rise applications of 2-8
stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200 feet per minute. The
machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level
adjacent to the elevator shaft.
Elevator
Components
Elevator has two main elements
is
which