Solid Waste Management

Welcome
Do you know?
Waste generation will increase from 62 million tonnes to
about165 million tonnes in 2030
Moreover,
It is projected that by the year 2031 the solid waste
generation shall increase to 165 million tonnes and to 436
million tons by 2050.
Is it a big problem
?
Yes it is
huge problem but

every problem have their own solution
What is Waste Management
The Waste Management is termed as the practice
of managing unwanted & unusable material
regarded as of no use which is called waste. It is
produce at different user end process from the
kitchen to lavatory, From a small workshop to
huge factories. The basic Waste can be of
following type
1) Biodegradable
2) Non-Biodegradable
BIO DEGRADABLE WASTE
These are the waste derived majorly from
kitchen and gardens in form of food
remaining, vegetable peeled wastage,
shaded leaves, grass etc which is
decompose by natural agent such as
micro-organism and turn them in form of
manure for plant.
The bio degradation when happen in
presence of oxygen is called aerobic
decomposition and in absence of oxygen is
called anaerobic decomposition .
NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
These are the waste which cannot be
decompose by natural agent such as
micro-organism to convert them into
decompose form. They remain on earth
for many year to decompose such as
plastic which can take up to 1000 year
to decompose etc. hence the threat
cause by such waste is more critical
2022 3022
These waste can be in form of
•Solid waste
Like Garbage, compost, recyclable etc
•Liquid waste water

Like Sewage, sludge, biosolids
•Nuclear waste
Like Uranium
•Gaseous waste
Like Carbon di oxide, carbon mono oxide, florins
TODAY PRESENTATION TOPIC
SOLID
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO – MRS. RESHMA BHIDE Ma’am
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ?
Solid waste management is a term that is
used to refer to the process of collecting and
treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions
for recycling items that do not belong to
garbage or trash. As long as people have
been living in settlements and residential
areas, garbage or solid waste has been an
issue. Waste management is all about how
solid waste can be changed and used as a
valuable resource.
OBJECTIVE OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
•Safeguarding of public health.
•Protection of the environment.
•Transfer and treatment of waste, energy from waste

and the conservation of basic material
AFFECT OF POOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
1. Litter Surroundings
Due to improper waste disposal systems, particularly by municipal waste management teams, wastes heap up
and become a menace. While people clean their homes and places of work, they litter their surroundings, which
affect the environment and the community.
2. Impact on Human Health
Improper waste disposal can affect the health of the population living nearby the polluted area or landfills. The
health of waste disposal workers and other employees involved with these landfill facilities are also at a greater
risk.
Exposure to wastes that handled improperly can cause skin irritations, respiratory problems, blood infections,
growth problems, and even reproductive issues.
AFFECT OF POOR SOLI WASTE
MANAGEMENT
3. Disease-causing Pests
This type of dumping of waste materials forces biodegradable materials to rot and decompose under improper,
unhygienic and uncontrolled conditions.
After a few days of decomposition, a foul smell is produced, and it becomes a breeding ground for different
types of disease-causing insects as well as infectious organisms. On top of that, it also spoils the aesthetic value
of the area.
4. Environmental Problems
Solid wastes from industries are a source of toxic metals, hazardous wastes, and chemicals. When released to the
environment, the solid wastes can cause biological and physicochemical problems to the environment that may
affect or alter the productivity of the soils in that particular area.
AFFECT OF POOR SOLI WASTE
MANAGEMENT
5. Soil and Groundwater Pollution
Toxic materials and chemicals may seep into the soil and pollute the groundwater. During the process of
collecting solid waste, hazardous wastes usually mix with ordinary garbage and other flammable wastes making
the disposal process even harder and risky.
6. Emission of Toxic Gases

When hazardous wastes like pesticides, batteries containing lead, mercury or zinc, cleaning solvents, radioactive
materials, e-waste and plastics mixed up with paper and other non-toxic scraps are burned they produce dioxins,
furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other gases. These toxic gases have the potential of causing various
diseases, including cancer.
7. Impact on Land and Aquatic Animals

Our carelessness with our waste and garbage also affects animals, and they suffer the effects of pollution caused
by improperly disposed of wastes and rubbish. Consuming Styrofoam and cigarette butts have been known to
cause deaths in marine animals.
METHODS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
1. Sanitary Landfill
This is the most popular solid waste disposal method used
today. Garbage is basically spread out in thin layers,
compressed and covered with soil or plastic foam. Modern
landfills are designed in such a way that the bottom of the
landfill is covered with an impervious liner, which is usually
made of several layers of thick plastic and sand. This liner
protects the groundwater from being contaminated because
of leaching or percolation.
When the landfill is full, it is covered with layers of sand,
clay, topsoil and gravel to prevent seepage of water.
Advantage: If landfills are managed efficiently, it is an

ensured sanitary waste disposal method.
Constraint: It requires a reasonably large area.

MANAGEMENT
2. Incineration
This method involves the burning of solid wastes at high
temperatures until the wastes are turned into ashes.
Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off
extreme amounts of heat when burning solid wastes. This
method of solid waste management can be done by
individuals, municipalities and even institutions. The good
thing about this method is the fact that it reduces the volume
of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume.
Advantage: The volume of combustible waste is reduced

considerably by burning waste. In the case of off-site pits, it
is an appropriate method to minimize scavenging.
Constraint: It can cause smoke or fire hazard and also emits

gaseous pollutants.
MANAGEMENT
3. Recovery and Recycling
Recycling or recovery of resources is the process of taking
useful but discarded items for the next use. Plastic bags, tins,
glass and containers are often recycled automatically since,
in many situations, they are likely to be scarce commodities.
Traditionally, these items are processed and cleaned before

they are recycled. The process aims at reducing energy loss,
consumption of new material and reduction of landfills. The
most developed countries follow a strong tradition of
recycling to lower volumes of waste.
Advantage: Recycling is environmentally friendly.
Constraint: It is expensive to set up, and in most

emergencies, there is limited potential.
DueMANAGEMENT
4. Composting
to a lack of adequate space for landfills, biodegradable
yard waste is allowed to decompose in a medium designed
for the purpose. Only biodegradable waste materials are used
in composting. It is a biological process in which micro-
organisms, specifically fungi and bacteria, convert
degradable organic waste into substances like humus. Good
quality environmentally friendly manure is formed from the
compost that is an excellent medium for growing plants and
can be used for agricultural purposes.
Advantage: Composting is environmentally friendly as well

as beneficial for crops.
Constraint: It requires intensive management and

experienced personnel for large scale operation.
MANAGEMENT
5. Pyrolysis
This is a method of solid waste management whereby solid
wastes are chemically decomposed by heat without the
presence of oxygen. It usually occurs under pressure and at
temperatures of up to 430 degrees Celsius. The solid wastes
are changed into gasses, solid residue of carbon and ash and
small quantities of liquid.
Advantage: This will keep the environment clean and

reduce health and settlement problems.
Constraint: The systems that destroy chlorinated organic

molecules by heat may create incomplete combustion
products, including dioxins and furans. These compounds
are highly toxic in the parts per trillion ranges. The residue it
generates may be hazardous wastes, requiring proper
treatment, storage, and disposal.
Thank You
Submitted by – Shivam Pathak
M.VOC 2nd SEM

Solid Waste Management

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Welcome

huge problem but

•Liquid waste water

•Safeguarding of public health.

•Protection of the environment.

•Transfer and treatment of waste, energy from waste

2. Impact on Human Health

6. Emission of Toxic Gases

7. Impact on Land and Aquatic Animals

Advantage: If landfills are managed efficiently, it is an

Constraint: It requires a reasonably large area.

Advantage: The volume of combustible waste is reduced

Constraint: It can cause smoke or fire hazard and also emits

Traditionally, these items are processed and cleaned before

Advantage: Recycling is environmentally friendly.

Constraint: It is expensive to set up, and in most

Advantage: Composting is environmentally friendly as well

Constraint: It requires intensive management and

Advantage: This will keep the environment clean and

Constraint: The systems that destroy chlorinated organic

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