Contemporary South Asia
Contemporary South Asia
Contemporary South Asia
SOUTH ASIA
WHAT IS SOUTH ASIA?
GEOGRAPHY OF THE REGION
ASPIRATIONS FOR DEMOCRACY
• A recent survey of the attitudes of the people in the five big countries
of the region showed that there is widespread support for democracy
in all these countries.
• Ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor and belonging to different
religions, view the idea of democracy positively and support the
institutions of representative democracy.
• They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think
that democracy is suitable for their country.
THE MILITARY AND DEMOCRACY IN
PAKISTAN
In the period that followed, Pakistani
GENERAL AYUB KHAN politics centred around the competition
between her party, the Pakistan People’s
AFTER Party, and the Muslim League. This phase of
MILITARY TAKE elective democracy lasted till 1999 when a
OVER IN 1966 military stepped in again and Nawaz Sharif
was removed
GENERAL YAHYA KHAN
EAST PAK BROKE &
General Pervez Musharraf.
BANGLADESH EMERGED, In 2001 he got himself
ELECTED GOVT. IN POWER
elected as the President.
ZULFIKAR ALI
BHUTTO(1971-77)
Zia deposed Bhutto in a Pakistan continues to be ruled by
military coup and declared
martial law in 1977
the army, though the army rulers
have held some elections to give
GENERAL ZIA-UL-HAQ their rule a democratic image.
Zia faced a pro-democracy movement from
1982 onwards and elected democratic
government was established in 1988
BENAZIR BHUTTO
IMRAN AHMED KHAN (PM)
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
What are the factors which have contributed to pakistan’s failure in building a
stable democracy.
Pakistan’s conflict with India has made the pro-military groups more powerful.
These groups have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are
flawed, that Pakistan’s security would be harmed by selfish-minded parties and
chaotic democracy, and that the army’s stay in power is, therefore, justified.
DEMOCRACY IN BANGLADESH
• Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. It consisted
of the partitioned areas of Bengal and Assam from British
India.
• The people of this region were against the domination of
western Pakistan and the imposition of the Urdu language.
• So they began protests against the unfair treatment with the
Bengali culture and language.
• They also demanded fair representation in administration and
a fair share in political power.
• Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the popular struggle against
West Pakistani domination. He demanded autonomy for the
eastern region.
• In the 1970 elections in the then Pakistan, the Awami League
led by Sheikh Mujib won all the seats in East Pakistan and
secured a majority in the proposed constituent assembly.
• But the government dominated by the West Pakistani
leadership refused to convene the assembly.
• Sheikh Mujib was arrested.
• Under the military rule of General Yahya Khan, the Pakistani
army tried to suppress the mass movement of the Bengali
people.
• Thousands were killed by the Pakistan army.
• This led to a large scale migration into India, creating a huge
refugee problem for India.
• The government of India supported the demand of the
people of East Pakistan for their independence and helped
them financially and militarily. This resulted in a war
between India and Pakistan in December 1971 that
ended in the surrender of the Pakistani forces in East
Pakistan and the formation of Bangladesh as an independent
Bangladesh drafted its constitution He was assassinated and another
declaring faith in secularism, military takeover followed under the
democracy and socialism. leadership of Lt Gen H. M. Ershad
Students were in the
forefront. Ershad was
forced to allow
In 1975 Sheikh Mujib got the political activity on a
constitution amended to shift from limited scale
the parliamentary to presidential form
of government. He was later elected as
President for five years
He also abolished all parties
except his own, the Awami
League Mass public protests made
Ershad step down in 1990
he was assassinated in a
military uprising in August
1975. Elections were held in 1991. Since
then representative democracy
based on multi-party elections has
been working in Bangladesh.
The new military ruler, Ziaur
Rahman, formed his own Bangladesh
National Party and won elections in
1979
MONARCHY AND DEMOCRACY IN NEPAL
2006
prodemocracy protests. The forces achieved their
first major victory when the king was forced to
restore the House of Representatives that had been
• dissolved in April 2002.
• Nepal becomes a
2008 republic.
Promulgation of a new Constitution 2072 by President Dr. Ram Baran
Yadav
ETHNIC CONFLICT AND DEMOCRACY IN SRI LANKA
The government of India has from time to time tried to negotiate with the Sri
Lankan government on the Tamil question.
In 1987, govt of India -directly involved.
India signed an accord with Sri Lanka and sent
troops to stabilise relations between the Sri
Lankan government and the Tamils.
In 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) pulled out of
Sri Lanka without attaining its objective.