IES - Unit - 1
IES - Unit - 1
IES - Unit - 1
INTRODUCTION TO
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Price
– Simpler development
• CMOS VLSI: smaller systems, fewer components
– Higher volumes
• CMOS VLSI : same device cost 10,000 vs. 10,000,000
units
Examples
Embedded System Vs General Purpose Computer System
Parameter Computer System Embedded System
An embedded device is a part of an integrated
A computer is a combination of hardware
system which is formed as a combination of
and software resources which integrate
Description together and provides various
computer hardware and software for a specific
function and which can operate without human
functionalities to the user.
interaction.
Human A computer needs Human Interaction to Embedded device does not need Human Interaction
Interaction perform tasks. to perform tasks.
Parts It has 2 parts: Hardware and Software. It has 3 parts: Hardware, Firmware and Software.
Computers can be reprogrammed to Embedded Devices are made only for a specific
Purpose for a new purpose. set of purposes.
Power Computer needs more operational Embedded Device needs lesser operational power
Consumption power than Embedded Devices. than a Computer.
Computers are more complex Embedded Devices are less complex devices than
Complexity devices than Embedded Devices. Computers.
GPOS Contain a General Purpose Operating May or may not contain an operating system
Requirement System (GPOS) for functioning
Embedded System Vs General Purpose Computer System
Parameter Computer System Embedded System
Applications are alterable
(programmable) by user (It is possible
Programming The firmware of the embedded system is pre-
for the end user to re-install the
Flexibility programmed and it is non-alterable by end-user
Operating System, and add or remove
user applications)
The final configuration was 36K words of fixed memory and 2K words
of erasable memory.
The clock frequency of the first microchip proto model used in AGC was
1.024 MHz and it was derived from a 2.048 MHz crystal clock.
Around 5000 ICs (3-input NOR gates, RTL logic) supplied by Fairchild
Semiconductor were used in this design.
Based on Generation
Based on Complexity & Performance Requirements
Based on deterministic behavior
Based on Triggering
Classification of Embedded Systems
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Classification of Embedded Systems
Small Scale
Medium Scale
Large/ Complex/ Sophisticated Scale
Classification of Embedded Systems
Event Triggered
Time Triggered
Major Application Areas of
Embedded Systems
Data Collection/Storage/Representation
Data Communication
Data (Signal) Processing
Monitoring
Control
Application Specific User Interface
Characteristics of Embedded Systems
Response
Throughput
Reliability
Maintainability
Security
Safety
Quality Attributes of Embedded
Systems