Lesson 1 - Philosophy

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN PERSON
COURSE DESRIPTION
This is a study of the nature of the human
person, and how human beings’ various
characteristics and aspects have been defined
and analyzed by varied philosophical
perspectives. Special emphasis is given to the
study of the human person from a biblical
standpoint.
OF THE HUMAN PERSON
LEARNING OUTCOMES BASED ON CHCS OBJECTIVES:

This course is designed to meet the overall
objectives of CHCS:
1. Christian values formation
2. Excellence in education
3. The development of the total child
OF THE HUMAN PERSON
By the end of the course, students are expected to:

• Reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic
point of view
• Acquire critical and analytical thinking skills
• Apply their critical and analytical thinking skills
to the affairs of daily life
• Become truthful, environment-friendly and
service-oriented
• Be actively committed to the development of a
more humane society
• Articulate their own philosophy of life.
OF THE HUMAN PERSON
WRITTEN WORKS AND PERFORMANCE

• Quiz
• ORR (Online Reading Reflection)
• Reporting
• Research Project
• Midterm/Final Exam
INTRODUCTION TO
THE PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
WHY BECOME A PHILOSOPHER?
• One of the key elements in many educational reforms is

DIVERSITY, DIFFERENCE and CHOICE or other proposals
that establish separate curricular routes for different
groups or individuals.
• DIVERSITY , is the difference that makes each person
unique, (e.g. BIOLOGY , ETHNICITY, and CULTURE, FAMILY
LIFE , BELIEFS , GEOGRAPHY , EXPERIENCES and
RELIGION ).
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
• Philosophy comes from the ancient Greek word "philosophia"

and was probably coined by Pythagoras and literally means
"love of wisdom" or "friend of wisdom"
• Greek Origin: "Philos" means Love; "Sophia" means

"wisdom"
• Wisdom is the goal of Philosophy.
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
• PHILOSOPHY IS also defined as the science that by natural

light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all
things.
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

• SCIENCE - It is called science because the investigation is systematic,
follows certain steps or it employs certain procedures, organized
body of knowledge just like any other sciences .
• NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON - Philosophy investigates things , not
by using any laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on
the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology;
instead the Philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply,
human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
3. STUDY OF ALL THINGS - This sets the distinction between Philosophy

from other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a
particular object of investigation.
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
A. Principle of Identity
It states that each thing is identical with itself. By this it is meant that
each thing (be it a universal or a particular) is composed of its own unique
set of characteristic qualities or features, which the ancient Greeks called
its essence. WHAT IS IS ; WHATEVER IS NOT IS NOT. EVERYTHING IS ITS
OWN BEING.
B. Principle of Non-Contradiction
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
B. Principle of Non-Contradiction- It states that contradictory statements

cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e.g. the two
propositions "A is B" and "A is not B" are mutually exclusive.
C. Principle of Excluded Middle - It is impossible for a thing to be and not to
be at the same time and at the same respect.
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
D. Principle of Sufficient Reason - nothing exist without a sufficient reason

for its being and existence. states that everything must have a reason or a
cause.
NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY?
PHILOSOPHY AS THE MOTHER DISCIPLINE

• Philosophy is the mother discipline out of which the other sciences
emerge.
• According to Warner, philosophy emerge as something revolutionary

since their mythological explanation about the nature of the universe
would be set aside in favor of more coherent and rational one.
• He is a man from a fishing Village in Miletus

started to diverge from the the mythological
tradition and sought to answer questions like,
"What is the underlying substance that the
reality made of?", "How do things come to be,
change and pass away?", "
Thales
Father of Western Philosophy
• For Thales, the underlying Substance that the

reality is made of must be water, because water
is everywhere.
Thales
Father of Western Philosophy
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY?
METAPHYSICS
Metaphysics is really only an extension of
fundamental and necessary drive in every human
being to know what is real
Ethics
It is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of
moral virtue and evaluates human actions.
It is generally a study of the nature of moral

judgements.
Epistemology
It deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity
of knowledge
Logic
Reasoning is the concern of the logician. This could
be reasoning in science and medicine, in ethics, and
law, in politics and commerce, in sports and games
and in the mundane affairs of everyday living.
Logic
The term logic comes from the Greek word "logike"
and was coined by Zeno, the Stoic.
Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters

pertaining to the human thought.
Aesthetics
It is the science of the beautiful in its various
manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic,
pathetic, and ugly.
Aesthetics
IMPORTANCE:
• It vitalizes our knowledge.
• It helps us to live more deeply and richly.
• It brings us in touch with our culture.
EXPANDING OUR PHILOSOPHICAL FRAMES:
WESTERN AND NON-WESTERN TRADITIONS
Many Philosophers hold that there are three great original

centers of philosophy in the world..
Greek (Western) Indian Chinese

Greek (Western) Indian Chinese
• Historically speaking, Asian classics of the Indians

and the Chinese predated the oldest western
classics.
• Indian and Chinese philosophers lived earlier that
their Greek counterparts.
SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE
Greek Triumvirate
• During their time, the western

thinkers started to indulge in
feverish philosophical
speculation, whereas the Asian
thinkers began diminishing
SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE philosophical activities.
Greek Triumvirate • In our present century, almost
all major philosophical ideas
emanate from Western thinkers.
THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION

Western and Non-western Tradition
The challenges of the global information age cannot be

understood by oversimplification. One size does not fit at all.
There are multiple of cultures and there are different types of
stated in terms of modern economic modernization. Certainly, the
culture of the “east” is very different from that of the “west” but
that doesn’t mean each culture is incapable of understanding
certain features of the other.
THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION

Western and Non-western Tradition
As the world become “smaller”, it is increasingly important to

develop an understanding of culture centers around the globe that
are very different from our own. Each society or culture has it’s
own ideas of itself, a definition of what is important in life, and its
own notions of what the world is like in general terms; thus, each
society or culture can be said to have its own “philosophy”
A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

• Filipinos do have their own philosophy.
• THREE DIMENSIONS
1. Loob
2. Filipino Philosophy of Time
3. Bahala na
These attitudes and values constitute the hidden springs of the

Filipino mind.
1. Loob: Holistic and Interior Dimension

• Kagandahang-loob, kabutihang loob, and kalooban are
terms that show sharing one’s self to others.
• Loob puts one in touch with his fellow beings.
• Filipino Generally believes in the innate goodness of the
human being.
2. Filipino Philosophy of time

• The Filipino proves that he believes in the gulong ng palad
(Wheel of Fortune), meaning, Filipino looks at life as a series of
ups and downs.
• This Philosophy of life makes the Filipino an unmitigated
optimist.
3. Bahala Na
• The Filipino puts his entire trust in this Bathala who has
involved into the Christian God.
• Bahala Na means to leave everything to God who is Bathala in
the vernacular.
• The Bahala Na Philosophy puts complete trust in the Divine
Providence.
4. Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspects

• Utang na Loob (indebtedness to patrons)
• Endurance and Hardwork as means to economic self-suffiency.
• Bayanihan or helping others in times of need.
B. Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming for a life of Abundance.

• Abundance comes from the latin term, “Abundare”, meaning to
overflow nonstop
• According to Aguilar’s The Gift of Abundance, Abundance is out
flowing than incoming. It is not about material things or people
but our relationship with others, ourselves, and with nature.
B. Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming for a life of Abundance.

According to Aguilar’s The Gift of Abundance
• Abundance is not what we gather but what we scatter.
• Abundance is not what we keep but what we give away.
• Abundance is not what we hold but what we share.
• Abundance is a choice.
• Abundance is to evolve into higher being.
QUIZ 1
1. Which branch of philosophy deals with arguments?
2. What Filipino value puts one in touch with one’s fellow beings
and is essentially interpersonal.
3. Which branch of Philosophy evaluates human actions?
4. The issue of whether Nora Aunor deserves to a National Artist
falls under which branch of philosophy?
5. Etymologically, what does philo mean?
6-8 Who consist the Greek triumvirate
9. “Virtual Reality vs. The Real Thing” is under which branch of
philosophy?
10. What kind of Filipino philosophy?" wherein Filipino believes
gulong ng palad.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF

THE HUMAN PERSON

LEARNING OUTCOMES BASED ON CHCS OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the course, students are expected to:

WRITTEN WORKS AND PERFORMANCE

• One of the key elements in many educational reforms is

• Philosophy comes from the ancient Greek word "philosophia"

• Greek Origin: "Philos" means Love; "Sophia" means

• PHILOSOPHY IS also defined as the science that by natural

FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

3. STUDY OF ALL THINGS - This sets the distinction between Philosophy

FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

B. Principle of Non-Contradiction- It states that contradictory statements

FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

D. Principle of Sufficient Reason - nothing exist without a sufficient reason

PHILOSOPHY AS THE MOTHER DISCIPLINE

• According to Warner, philosophy emerge as something revolutionary

• He is a man from a fishing Village in Miletus

• For Thales, the underlying Substance that the

It is generally a study of the nature of moral

Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters

Many Philosophers hold that there are three great original

Greek (Western) Indian Chinese

Greek (Western) Indian Chinese

• Historically speaking, Asian classics of the Indians

SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

• During their time, the western

THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION

The challenges of the global information age cannot be

THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION

As the world become “smaller”, it is increasingly important to

A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

These attitudes and values constitute the hidden springs of the

A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

1. Loob: Holistic and Interior Dimension

A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

2. Filipino Philosophy of time

A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

4. Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspects

B. Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming for a life of Abundance.

B. Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming for a life of Abundance.

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