Q2 Module 4 Practical Research 2

MODULE 4
Practical Research 2
Second Quarter, First Semester
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
Q2 Module 4
1 Theoretical Framework
2 Conceptual Framework
Theoretical
Framework
Checkpoint 1: Theory-rize
Choose one famous theorist and research on a theory he or she
proposed. Be able to explain briefly what the theory is all about.
Theorist:
_______________________________________________________
Theory:
_______________________________________________________
Brief Explanation of the Theory:
_______________________________________________________
Framework
• A framework is similar to a skeleton.
• It is a basic structure or frame of reference which is designed
to support or enclose something (Merriam-Webster, n.d.).
• As a skeleton gives shape, form, and strength to the body so
it can stand upright, so do the different concepts and
theories.
• These concepts and theories serve as the building blocks (or
the "skeleton") for the foundation or bases of the study
Theory
• The word "theory" is derived from the Greek word,
theoria, which means "vision."
• A theory is a conceptual invention that is used to
describe, explain, predict, or understand a certain
phenomenon.
• A theory describes the relationship/s among variables
for purposes of explaining a current state or predicting
future events.
Theory
• A theory, therefore, is primarily concerned with
determining cause-effect relationships.
• Thus, a good theory expands vision and guides
thinking, professional practice, and research.
Concept
• A concept is an abstract idea or general notion about a
certain phenomenon, event, or process.
• It also constitutes complex thoughts and beliefs.
• Concepts are generally used within theories to clarify
what the theory means.
The Theoretical
Framework
• The theoretical framework, which may be formulated from
an existing theory or theories, serves as the foundation of
the study.
• In such case, the original paradigm that is used by the cited
theorist can be fully adopted in the present study.
• It can also be adapted or modified since the researcher can
add or subtract variables from the original framework,
provided that the essence of the theory is maintained.
The Theoretical
Framework
• In the formulation of a theoretical framework, relevant
theories must be provided.
• The researcher cites and discusses related theories
that serve as the foundation of the variables and the
relationship between these theories to make the study
more scientific and understandable especially to the
readers.
The Theoretical
Framework
• The researcher mentions theories, Including the names
of the authors, titles of their theories, theoretical
principles, and their explanations.
• When this requirement has been satisfied, the
relationship of the cited established theory to the
present study must be discussed in the concluding
portion.
The Conceptual Framework
• It is the explanation of the scope and range of a

concept or construct which can be done even without a
theory or, in some cases, with a combination of two or
more theories which lead to a researcher's framework.
• It is largely based on theories or parts of a theory
combined with parts of another theory, or on the
intellectual synthesis of the various readings of the
researcher.
• The conceptual framework relies on an understanding

of concepts which clarify the paradigm and ideas that
the research presents.
• Hence, a conceptual framework is a system of
concepts, assumptions, or expectations to link one
idea with another. It guides the researcher by giving
clear directions to the research.
• The conceptual framework relies on an understanding

of concepts which clarify the paradigm and ideas that
the research presents.
• Hence, a conceptual framework is a system of
concepts, assumptions, or expectations to link one
idea with another. It guides the researcher by giving
clear directions to the research.
Paradigm of the Study
• The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual

or theoretical framework is a diagrammatic
presentation of the study called the paradigm.
• Merriam-Webster (2006) defines paradigm as a
pattern, model, or set of forms which contains
particular elements.
• It is the researcher's scientific imagination expressed
graphically by drawings or sketches.
• In a scientific work, the symbols must be specific in

meaning.
• The usual figures used are regular shapes (rectangles,
circles, and squares), lines; and arrows.
• Irregular shapes are sometimes utilized and there must be
an acceptable rationale for them.
• The paradigm is a visual representation of the entire thesis.
• It is considered as the heart of the research paper.
• A title is needed to encapsulate the whole paradigm.
1. Square or rectangle. These shapes represent stability and

order.
2. Circle. This implies completion and harmony. It can also
present a cycle.
3. Triangle. This shape represents direction and power.
4. Dot or point. This symbol means beginning.
5. Line. This means boundary or division. In research, this

can also be used to show connection or relationship.
6. Spiral. This represents anything that expands or contracts.
This can also indicate impact or output.
7. Arrow. This indicates direction. In research, this can also
be used to show cause and effect.
8. Broken arrow or line. This may be used to show any
result or output.
Examples
1. IPO model (input-process-output). This model is largely

used when the research attempts to isolate the factor or
major variable that causes the problem, subject, or
phenomenon under investigation. This model is used when
the statements of the problem are all factor-isolating
questions.
Examples
1. IPO model (input-process-output).

Examples
2. IV-DV model (independent variable-dependent variable

model). This model is used in experiment-based studies.
The questions raised are higher order and classified as
situation-relating.
Examples
2. IV-DV model (independent variable-dependent variable

model).
Examples
3. PC model (predictor-criterion model). This model is used

when relating and assessing the influence between two or
more variables. Studies that focus on relationships,
associations, differences, and impacts will benefit from this
model.
Examples
3. PC model (predictor-criterion model).

Examples
4. -P model. This model is used in research studies that

propose a program or any intervention measure. It fits the
situation-producing level of questioning.
Examples
4. -P model.
Examples
5. POM (proposed original model). This model is used when

the researcher presents an original paradigm. The
requirement is that it must be scientific.
Examples
5. POM (proposed
original model).
Activity 2:
Frame It
Fill in the blanks with the necessary and required

information.
Thank you for listening.

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MODULE 4

• It is the explanation of the scope and range of a

• The conceptual framework relies on an understanding

• The conceptual framework relies on an understanding

• The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual

• In a scientific work, the symbols must be specific in

1. Square or rectangle. These shapes represent stability and

5. Line. This means boundary or division. In research, this

1. IPO model (input-process-output). This model is largely

1. IPO model (input-process-output).

2. IV-DV model (independent variable-dependent variable

2. IV-DV model (independent variable-dependent variable

3. PC model (predictor-criterion model). This model is used

3. PC model (predictor-criterion model).

4. -P model. This model is used in research studies that

5. POM (proposed original model). This model is used when

Fill in the blanks with the necessary and required

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