Chapter 2 Section 1 Displacement and Velocity

Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension
Section 1 Displacement
and Velocity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=X6_wXmjxUdM
Can you give me examples about Motion?

• Objectives
• One Dimensional Motion
•Preview • Displacement
• Average Velocity
• Velocity and Speed
• Interpreting Velocity Graphically
Objectives
Describe motion in terms of frame of reference, displacement, time, and
Describe velocity.
Calculate the displacement of an object traveling at a known velocity for

Calculate a specific time interval.
Construct and Construct and interpret graphs of position versus time.

interpret
One Dimensional
Motion
Motion is the phenomenon in which an object
changes its position over time
Motion happens all around us.
To simplify the concept of motion, we will first

consider motion that takes place in one direction.
One example is the motion of a commuter train on

a straight track.
Frame of Reference
• To measure motion, you must
choose a frame of reference.
• A frame of reference is a system
for specifying the precise
location of objects in space and
time.
• It is a point against which
position is measured.
Frame of Reference
•Considering the motion of the gecko, it

is useful to imagine a stick marked in
centimeters placed under the gecko’s
feet to define the frame of reference.
•The measuring stick serves as an x-axis

that can be used to determine the
initial and the final position.
Displacement
• Displacement is a change in position.

• Displacement is not always equal to the
distance traveled.
• The SI unit of displacement is the meter,
m.
Displacement Vs distance
Displacement (x)
• Straight line distance from the initial position

to the final position (change in position)
• Can be positive or negative
Displacement
- Sign • Right (or east) ---> +
• Left (or west) ---> –
Conventions • Up (or north) ----> +
• Down (or south) ---> –
Continue the sentences
• Motion is the phenomenon in which an object changes its _________
over time.
• Displacement is the _______ in position. And it’s equal to ________
position minus the _________ position .
• A frame of reference is a system for specifying the _______________
of objects in space and ________ .
Velocity and Speed
• Velocity describes motion with both a

direction and a numerical value (a
magnitude).
• Speed has no direction, only magnitude.

Average Velocity
• Average velocity is displacement divided by the time interval.
• The units can be determined from the

equation.
• SI Units: m/s
• Other Possible Units: mi/h, km/h,
cm/year
Speed
• Speed does not include direction while
velocity does.
• Speed uses distance rather than
displacement.
• In a round trip, the average velocity is zero
but the average speed is not zero.
3h
0.43 h
A car travels 100.0 km to the east. If the first half of the distance is
driven at 50.0 km/h and the second half at a 100.0 km/h, what is the
average velocity?
A car travels 100.0 km to the east. If the first half of the distance is
driven at 50.0 km/h and the second half at a 100.0 km/h, what is the
average velocity?
66.7 km/h to the east

The moving man simulation on phet
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/moving-man/latest/m
oving-man.html?simulation=moving-man
Graphing Motion
• One way to determine the average velocity

of an object is by using the position versus
time graph.
• Position is plotted on the y-axis
• Time is plotted on the x-axis
• Slope of the graph= average velocity
Graphing Motion
• If the average velocity is not
changing/constant, the object is moving
with a uniform motion.
• In uniform motion, the graph is straight-
line.
How would you describe the motion shown by this graph?

Answer: Constant speed (straight line)
What is the slope of this line?
Answer: 1 m/s
What is the average velocity?
Answer: 1 m/s
Graphing Motion
• Describe the motion of each object.
Object 1: constant velocity to the right or
upward
• Object 2: constant velocity of zero (at rest)
• Object 3: constant velocity to the left or
downward
Chapter 2
Interpreting Velocity Graphically
• For any position-time graph, we can determine the average velocity by
drawing a straight line between any two points on the graph.
• If the velocity is constant, the graph of position versus

time is a straight line. The slope indicates the velocity.
• Object 1: positive slope = positive velocity

• Object 2: zero slope= zero velocity
• Object 3: negative slope = negative velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
• The instantaneous velocity is the

velocity of an object at some instant or
at a specific point in the object’s path.
• It is velocity at a single instant of time
• Speedometers in cars measure
instantaneous speed.
• It is determined by measuring the
slope of the tangent.
• What is the slope of the tangent line at t = 3.0 s?

– Answer: approximately 12 m/s
• What is the instantaneous velocity at t = 3.0 s?

– Answer: approximately 12 m/s
Section Summary:
Displacement is a change of position in a certain direction, not the total
distance traveled.
• The average velocity of an object during some time interval is equal to the
displacement of the object divided by the time interval. Like displacement,
velocity has both a magnitude (called speed) and a direction.
• The average velocity is equal to the slope of the straight line connecting the
initial and final points on a graph of the position of the object versus time
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Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

Can you give me examples about Motion?

Calculate the displacement of an object traveling at a known velocity for

Construct and Construct and interpret graphs of position versus time.

Motion happens all around us.

To simplify the concept of motion, we will first

One example is the motion of a commuter train on

•Considering the motion of the gecko, it

•The measuring stick serves as an x-axis

• Displacement is a change in position.

• Straight line distance from the initial position

• Velocity describes motion with both a

• Speed has no direction, only magnitude.

• The units can be determined from the

66.7 km/h to the east

• One way to determine the average velocity

How would you describe the motion shown by this graph?

• If the velocity is constant, the graph of position versus

• Object 1: positive slope = positive velocity

• The instantaneous velocity is the

• What is the slope of the tangent line at t = 3.0 s?

• What is the instantaneous velocity at t = 3.0 s?

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