Motion Chapter Notes
Motion Chapter Notes
Motion Chapter Notes
Motion
Movement or change in position of an object with respect to time is
known as motion.
Motion is a relative term
• Example: A man say A, standing at the bus stop observing two persons B & C
moving in a car .
• For person A, B & C are in motion.
• For B, C is at rest, that is C is stationary, similarly for C, B is at rest.
• Another example:
• We know that a moving train is in motion because its position changes with time.
Now, consider a person sitting in the train. For someone standing on the platform,
the person sitting in the train is in motion. But for the co-passengers, the person is
at rest as the position of the person does not change with time.
To describe the position of an object we need to specify a
reference point known as origin.
• Example: Let us assume that a school in a village is 2km north of the railway
station. We have specified the school with respect to the railway station.
• Therefore in this example the railway station is the reference point or origin.
We need to specify the point of observation while describing the state of motion
of an object. This point of observation is called reference frame or origin or
reference point.
Linear Motion or rectilinear motion
The word ‘linear’ means ‘straight’ and the word ‘motion’ means ‘change in
position of an object with respect to time or with respect to a frame of reference’.
So, a body moving in a straight line with respect to a frame of reference or with
respect to time is said to be in linear motion. An example of this is the motion of
an ant on a straight wire, the motion of a car on a straight road etc…
Point to remember regarding linear motion: *In linear motion, the object must
move in a straight line.
The motion of the object along the straight line can be uniform or non-uniform.
Uniform motion and non-uniform motion
If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time then the body is said to
be in uniform motion or (uniform speed).
If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time then the body is said
to be in non-uniform motion or (non -uniform speed).
Activity 8.5(Answer)
Motion of object A is uniform. (in an equal time interval of 15mns, the distance
covered is equal)
2.DISPLACEMENT – shortest distance between the initial point and the final
point.
Scalar quantity
Quantity with magnitude alone and no direction.
Magnitude is the numerical value that defines the measure of a quantity.
Egs: Path length(distance), Speed.
When the velocity of an object is changing at average velocity= initial velocity + final velocity
a uniform rate, 2
When the velocity of an object is changing at average velocity = Total displacement
a non-uniform rate, total time taken
Velocity
• Speed with direction(rate at which an object changes its position in a particular direction)
velocity = displacement/time taken
Since velocity has both magnitude & direction, it is a vector quantity.
Its SI unit is m/s.
The units can be expressed in km/hr or cm/s also.
Average velocity
When the velocity of an object is changing at average velocity = initial velocity + final velocity
a uniform rate, 2
When the velocity of an object is changing at average velocity = Total displacement
a non-uniform rate, total time taken
Uniform velocity and non-uniform velocity
Uniform velocity: When a body travels equal distances in equal intervals of time,
in a particular direction, then the body is said to be in uniform
velocity.
Non-uniform velocity:When a body travels un-equal distances in equal intervals of
time in a particular direction, then the body is said to be in
non-uniform velocity.
Positive acceleration & Negative acceleration
• If the velocity of a body increases with time, the acceleration is said to be
positive, and the kind of motion is called positive acceleration or accelerated
motion.