Disaster Management Cycle (Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery and

DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
Disaster Planning and Management
 Disaster planning and Management is to anticipate
future situations and requirements, thus ensuring
the application of effective and co-ordinate
counter-measures.
 Disaster management usually refers to the
management of natural and human induced
catastrophes such as fire, flooding, or earthquakes.
 Disaster management includes the development of
disaster preparedness, response and recovery
plans, for minimizing the risk of disasters and for
handling them when they do occur, and the
implementation of such plans.
Contd
• The complete disaster management cycle includes
the shaping of public policies and plans that either
modify the causes of disasters or mitigate their
effects on people, property, and infrastructure.
• The disaster management cycle, consists of six

phases:
 Prevention,
 Mitigation and
 Preparedness in the pre-disaster stage,
 and Response, Recovery and Development in post-
disaster stage.
Disaster Management Cycle
Disaster
Impact
Response /
Preparedness 3 4 Relief
1
Pre Post
Mitigation 2 Disaste Disaste 5 Recovery
r Phase r Phase
Prevention 1 6 Development
on
nti
ve
Pre
1. Prevention:
Actions designed to hinder or impede the
occurrence of disaster event. OR
Actions designed to prevent such an occurrence
having harmful effects on community or Key
installation. The important example implementation
of land use policy and construction of dams.
Prevention (Cont..)
Why do this?
Policy Implications
• Proactive not Reactive.
• Shift from emergency response
to risk reduction
Socio-Economic Result
• Avoid loss, rather than replace
loss
• Avoid social dislocation
• Protect assets
• Protect community
POSITIVE APPROACHES TOWARDS PREVENTION
•National Policy
•Legislation
•Assessment and Monitoring
•Planning and Organization
•Public Awareness and
Education
•International Assistance
I O N
AT
IT I G
M
Disaster Mitigation
“Measures aimed at reducing the impact of a natural

or man-made disaster on a nation or community.”
What is the cost of mitigation?
• Usually not more than 5-7% higher at the project

development stage
• Retrofitting costs are higher
• Asset replacement cost is highest

I. Examples of Mitigation Measures
For purposes of illustration, some simple examples of
mitigation measures are given as follows:
Strengthening buildings to render them more resistant

against cyclones, floods or earthquakes.
The incorporation of hazard resistance in structures or

procedures to be followed in new development projects.
Planting certain kinds or varieties of crops that are less

affected by specific kinds of disaster.
 Changing corps cycles so that crops mature and are
harvested before the onset of the flood or cyclone
season.
 The adaptation of building codes and controls to

restrict activities in high-risk areas or to construct
building more resistant to the forces of nature.
 Economic diversification to allow losses in one sector to

be offset by increased output in other sectors.
 The foregoing activities can be broadly classified into

structural and non-structural mitigation measures.
Mitigation
Mitigation Techniques
Photos from US Army Corps of Engineers

Structural Options
Structural Options
Elevation Level of inundation if the building

is not elevated
Structural
Mitigation
Structural Mitigation
Structural Options
Structural Options
Structural Options
Structural Options
Tuba Fault
Fly-over Rockshed
Rock fence
ESS
D N
R E
E PA
PR
Disaster preparedness
• Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare

for and reduce the effects of disasters.
• That is, to predict and—where possible—prevent them,
mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and
respond to and effectively cope with their consequences.
• Disaster preparedness is a continuous and integrated
process
• Need wide range of activities and resources
• Requires the contributions of many different areas—
ranging from training and logistics to health care and to
institutional development.
Components of Disaster Preparedness
• Vulnerability Assessment
• Planning
• Institutional framework
• Information systems
• Resource base
• Warning systems
• Response mechanisms
• Public education and training
• Rehearsals (drills)
How to Identify Resources for Disaster
Preparedness?
Professional staff Search and Rescue Institutions

First Aid Training
Equipments
Knowledge and skills Machinery

Early warning
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
43
45
O N SE
R ES P
Response:
Response measure are usually those which are
taken immediately prior to and following disaster
impact.
Response – Search and Rescue
• First 12 hours are golden
hours – rate of survival is
higher
• Local capacity to respond
• Updated equipment
• Ensure women participation

in search and rescue
operations
Response - Relief
• Take immediate action to ensure

that relief reaches the affectees as
soon as possible
• Equitable distribution. Ensure no
one is left out
• Respect local culture and
traditions
• Must address the need of the
people (tent vs GI sheets or mats)
• Adhere to international
humanitarian standards
• Participation of the affectees in
relief activities
Response - Protection
• Protection of children
(kidnap, abuse etc)
• Protection of new
born and children
under 5
• Protection of women
(in camps)
Taking Care of senior citizen, special people and
women
What are Response Activities?
• Warning
• Evacuation
• Search and Rescue
• Medical Treatment
• Firefighting
• Relief (provision of basic human needs)
VE RY
R ECO
• Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view
to restoring or improving the pre-disaster living
conditions of the stricken community, while
encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to
reduce disaster risk. (ISDR)
KEY AREAS FOR INTERVENTION IN
RECOVERY
1. Shelter
2. Employment, livelihoods & agriculture
3. Transportation and communication
4. Governance
5. Disaster risk reduction
6. Environment
7. Education
8. Protection
9. Health
10. Water & sanitation
E NT
LOP M
DE V E
Development
Sustained efforts intended to improve or maintain

the social and economic well-being of a
community.
WHEN DO WE MANAGE DISASTERS?
Early Warning Disaster Rescue and relief
Preparedness
Establishment
Monitoring
Protection
Land-use
Flood
Involvement
Restoration
Analysis
Same
First causing
aid,
or
ofplanning
walls
of
ofwater
flood
better
relief,
flood- and
injuries
the
Awareness
emergency
levels
damages
standardand
community
and dams
ambulance,
prone triggering
areas
of teams
and
structural
living
foruse
and
flood
than
of Recovery
casualties
ofdamages
heavy alarms
vulnerable
before
risks
machinery
assets
Prevention
Mitigation
Development
Risk assessment
02/28/2023 CDPM: CBDRM Terminologies 60

Group Activity/Discussion
• Draw Disaster Management Cycle
• Select any one hazard that is occurring in your
project area.
• Keeping in view the concepts of disaster planning
and management/DM Cycle what type of activities
your will undertake to prevent, mitigate, prepare
for, respond to and recover back from the crises
situation.

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DISASTER

• The disaster management cycle, consists of six

“Measures aimed at reducing the impact of a natural

• Usually not more than 5-7% higher at the project

• Retrofitting costs are higher

• Asset replacement cost is highest

Strengthening buildings to render them more resistant

The incorporation of hazard resistance in structures or

Planting certain kinds or varieties of crops that are less

 The adaptation of building codes and controls to

 Economic diversification to allow losses in one sector to

 The foregoing activities can be broadly classified into

Photos from US Army Corps of Engineers

Elevation Level of inundation if the building

• Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare

Professional staff Search and Rescue Institutions

Knowledge and skills Machinery

• Local capacity to respond

• Ensure women participation

• Take immediate action to ensure

Sustained efforts intended to improve or maintain

Early Warning Disaster Rescue and relief

02/28/2023 CDPM: CBDRM Terminologies 60

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