Lesson3 Maam Lovely
Lesson3 Maam Lovely
Lesson3 Maam Lovely
Normal
Development
Lesson
3
nciples of Normal Development
Lesson 3
Pre discussion
1
Development proceeds from the head
downward. This is called the
cephalocaudal principle. This principle
describes the direction of growth and
development. According to this principle, the
child gains control of the head first, then
the arms, and then the legs. Infants develop
control of the head and face movements
within the first two months after birth.
Principles of Normal Development
2
Development proceeds from
the center of the body outward.
This is the
principle of proximodistal
development that also describes
the direction of
development. This means that
the spinal cord develops before
outer parts of the body.
Principles of Normal Development
5
Growth and development is a continuous
process. As a child develops, he or she
adds to the skills already acquired and the new
skills become the basis for further achievement
and mastery of skills. Most children follow a
similar pattern.
Principles of Normal Development
6
Growth and development proceed from
the general to specific.
In motor development, the infant will be able
to grasp an object with the whole hand
before using only the thumb and forefinger.
The infant’s first motor movements are very
generalized, undirected, and reflexive, waving
arms or kicking before being able to
reach or creep toward an object. Growth
occurs from large muscle movements to more
refined (smaller) muscle movements.
Principles of Normal Development