ENVIORMENTAL SCIENCE

TOPIC
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & CONTROL

PRESENTED BY-
LOKESH P. PAWAR (226143),
HIMANSHU L. PATIL (226135)
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 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Environmental pollution can be defined as any undesirable change
in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component
of the environmental i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful
effects on various forms of life or property.

POLLUTION : The term pollution can be defined as influence of any

substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the
organisms.

POLLUTANT : Any substance causing nuisance or harmful effects or

uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be
called as the pollutant.
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 TYPES OF POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

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WATER POLLUTION

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Water pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of
water through natural or human activities and
making it unsuitable for its designated use.

Fresh water present on the earth surface is put to

many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and
municipal.
Uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries, navigation.
The used water becomes contaminated and is
called waste water.

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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
Most of water pollution is man made it may also occur
naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion animal
wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks.

The sources of water pollution can be classified as

 Industrial waste
 Inorganic pollutants
 organic pollutants
 Marine pollution

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 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
The major source of water
pollution is the waste water
discharged from industries
and commercial bodies,
these industries are
chemical, metallurgical,
food processing industries,
textiles, paper industries.
They discharge several
organic and inorganic
pollutants. That prove
highly toxic to living being.
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 INORGANIC POLLUTANTS
• They include fine particles of different metals, chlorides, sulphates,
oxides of iron, cadmium, acids and alkalies.

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 ORGANIC POLLUTION
• They include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and
several other organic compounds.

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 MARINE POLLUTION
• Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade pollution. Rivers
discharge their pollutants into the sea. The sewage and garbage of
costal cities are also dumped into the sea. The other sources include,
discharge of oils, grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.

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SOLUTION FOR WATER POLLUTION
•Wastewater treatment
•Stormwater management
•Water conservation
•Denitrification
•Use less plastic
•Septic tank
•Handle toxic chemicals properly
•Do not throw medicines
•Cleaning chemicals
•Green agriculture wetlands

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AIR POLLUTION

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Air pollution is the introduction of chemical,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or cause damage to the natural
environmental or built environmental, into the
atmosphere.

A substance in the air that can cause harm to

humans and the environment is known as an air
pollutant.

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 CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

Carbon dioxide – This happens because of

deforestation and fossil fuel burning.

Sulfur dioxide – Due to the burning of sulfur

containing compounds of fossil fuels.

Sulfur oxides – Very dangerous to humans at

high concentration. Sulfur in the atmosphere is
responsible for acid rain.

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SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
•Carbon monoxide
•Nitrogen dioxide
•Sulphur dioxide
•Fuel
•Carbon dioxide
•Dust
•Smoke
•Coal
•Perticulates
•Oxides of nitrogen
•Power station
•hydrocarbon

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SOLUTION FOR AIR POLLUTION
Using public transports
Turn off the lights when not in use
Recycle and reuse
No to plastic bags
Reduction of forest fires and smoking
Use of fans instead of air conditioner
Use filter for chimneys
Avoid usage of crackers

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LAND POLLUTION

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Land pollution is the demolition of Earth’s land
surfaces often caused by human activities and their
misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is
not disposed properly.

 urbanization and industrialization are major

causes of land pollution.

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CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION

Four main causes of Land pollution :

Construction
Agriculture
Domestic waste
Industrial waste

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 CONSTRUCTION
. Buildings take
up resources and land, the trees are
chopped down and used to make buildings.
Takes away the places for animals and other organisms
to live.

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 AGRICULTURE
As there are more and more people inhabiting the earth, food is in higher
demand and so forests are chopped down and turned into farmland.
In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial fertilizers, animal manure are
washed into the soil and pollute it.

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 DOMESTIC WASTE
Tons of domestic waste is dumped every day. Some waste from
homes, offices, industries can be recycle or burnt in incinerators.
There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and washing
machines that are dumped in land fills simply because they cannot
be reused in anyway, nor recycle.

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 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear
waste disposal activity, large animal farms, coal – fired power
plants, metals production factories and other heavy industry
all contribute to land pollution.

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SOLUTION FOR LAND POLLUTION

Use of pesticides should be minimized.

Use of fertilizers should be judicious.
Cropping techniques should be improved to prevent
growth of weeds.
Special pits should be selected for dumping wastes.
Controlled grazing and forest management.
Wind breaks and wind shield in areas exposed to wind
erosin.
Farming the stock breading.

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NOISE POLLUTION

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Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing
human, animal, or machine – created
environmental noise that disrupts the activity or
balance of human or animal life.

Sound becomes undersirable when it disturb

the normal activities such as working, sleeping,
and during conversations.

World Health Organization started that “Noise

be recognized as a major threat to human well -
being”.

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 SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
Transportation system are the main source of noise
pollution in urban areas.

Construction of building, highways, and streets cause a lot

of noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers,
loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.

Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state

of noise pollution.

Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air

conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the exiting
noise pollution.
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 EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
According to the USEPA, there are direct links between
noise and health. Also, noise pollution adversely affects the
lives of millions of people.

Noise pollution can damage physiological and

psychological health.

High blood pressure, street related illness, sleep

disruption, hearing loss, and productivity loss are the
problems related to noise pollution.

It can also cause memory lass, severe depression, and

panic attacks.
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 SOLUTION FOR NOISE POLLUTION
Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating
sources is an affective solution for noise pollution.

Regular servicing and turning of automobiles can effectively

reduce the noise pollution.

Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate the

public about the causes and effects of noise pollution.

Workers should be provided with equipment such as ear plugs

and earmuffs for hearing protection.

Factories and industries should be located far from the

residential areas.
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 WAYS TO STOP POLLUTION

We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to

increase recycling.

It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks

and colors.

The residents of the country should also try and

do their part and put in at least one day of litter
picking up.

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THANK YOU

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