Final PPT (1) .
Final PPT (1) .
Final PPT (1) .
• Cost Analysis
Cost of the blend = ∑ 𝑛𝑦
Where,
n = Percentage of Fuel
y = Price of 1 liter of fuel
• Calorific value of blended fuel = (Calorific value of component 1 x percentage of component 1) +
(Calorific value of component 2 x percentage of component 2) + ... + (Calorific value of component
n x percentage of component n)
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
9
4 5 1 - Kirloskar Engine
7 2 - Electrical Dynamometer
3 - Load box
4 - Orifice meter
8 6 5 - Air box
6 - U tube manometer
7 - Fuel tank
10 3 8 - Three-way valve
11 9 - Burette
12 10 - Exhaust gas temperature
indicator
2 11 - Outlet jacket temperature
12 - Water flow meter
1
Technical specifications of the engine
S.NO DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
1 MAKE KIRLOSKAR
2 COOLING ARRANGEMENT WATER COOLED
3 NO OF CYLINDERS 1
4 APPLICATION AUTOMOTIVE(MULTI SPEED)
5 NUMBER OF STROKES 4
Smoke analyser
Observations on Engine by using pure diesel
Current Load(KW) T10cc seconds H1 (cm) H2 (cm) Temp Exhaust Temp water
(AMP) Te0 (0C) outlet(0C)
1 0 60 11 15 180 36.7
2 3.2 0.736 46.36 11 15 265 41.5
3 6.8 1.564 36.23 11 15 355 45.2
4 10.6 2.438 28.24 11 15 450 49.4
5 13.7 3.151 22.95 11 15 500 51.8
S.NO Break BMEP(bar) Mf(kg/hr) BSFC Volumetric BTE Air - fuel ratio
Power (kg/kwhr) efficiency
1 0 - 0.46246 - 76.652 - 45.706
2 0.92 1.311 0.6122 0.6654 76.652 13.19 34.5266
3 1.955 2.8286 0.7931 0.40569 76.652 21.64 26.651
4 3.0475 4.4093 1.0915 0.35816 76.652 24.51 19.3652
5 3.93875 5.6988 1.3098 0.3325 76.652 26.4 16.1377
Observations on Engine by using Diesel blended with 30% UCO biodiesel
S.NO Current(amp) Load(Kw) T10cc H1(cm) H2(cm) Temp Exhaust Te0 Temp water
Seconds (0c) outlet(0c)
1 0 0 70 11 15 180 51
2 3.2 0.736 48 11 15 260 59.2
3 6.8 1.564 37.45 11 15 340 62.3
4 10.6 2.438 28.9 11 15 410 68.7
5 13.7 3.151 20.85 11 15 460 72.6
0.647
0.6
0.5
BSFC (kg/KWH)
0.4
0.4
0.3 0.338
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load (KW)
B10 B20
0.8 0.7
0.7 0.6 0.665
BSFC(kg/KWH)
0.697
BSFC (kg/KWH)
0.6 0.5
0.5 0.4
0.4 0.405
0.414 0.3 0.358
0.3 0.32
0.345 0.332 0.2
0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
B30 B40
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
BSFC(kg/KWH)
0.6 0.692
BSFC(kg/KWH)
0.6 0.681
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.411 0.418
0.3 0.363 0.3 0.358 0.371
0.341
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW) Load(KW)
DIESEL
30
26.8 27.12
25
22.34
20
BTE(%)
15
13.34
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load (KW)
B10 B20
30 30
25 25
25.09 25.2 26.12 26.4
20 20 21.64
BTE (%)
BTE (%)
20.93
15 15
10 12.44 10 13.19
5 5
0 0
00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
B30 B40
30
30
25
25 25.02
26.01 24.16
24.42 20
BTE (%)
20 21.62 21.47
BTE (%)
15 15
10 13.04 10 12.96
5 5
0 0
00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
0.5
Diesel
0.4
B10
0.3 B20
0.2 B30
0.1 B40
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on Break thermal efficiency
• Break thermal efficiencies are slightly lower for biodiesel blends as compared to pure
diesel at all engine loads. BTE of B20 blend at full load condition has been found to be
much nearer to pure diesel as compared to other blends.
25
20 Diesel
B10
BTE(%)
15 B20
B30
10 B40
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on exhaust gas temperature
• Exhaust gas temperature increased with increase of engine load for all fuels. Higher
exhaust gas temperatures are recorded for biodiesel blends as compared to pure
diesel for all the engine loads.
500
400 Diesel
B10
Tₑ(℃)
300 B20
B30
200
B40
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
BMEP(bar)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on air-fuel ratio
• Increase of engine load led to decrease of air-fuel ratio. Air-fuel ratios for UCO
biodiesel blends were lower than pure diesel. Air-fuel ratio has been decreased with
increase in percentage of biodiesel in biodiesel blends.
30 B20
20 B30
B40
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
BMEP(bar)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on CO emissions
• CO emissions decreased with increase in engine brake power at lower loads and then
increased at higher loads for all the fuels. Decrease in carbon monoxide emission
was observed for biodiesel blends when compared to pure diesel.
0.06
0.05
0.04
CO emission(%)
B40
0.03
B30
0.02 B20
B10
0.01 Diesel
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on CO₂ emissions
• The rising trend of CO₂ emission with engine load was observed. CO₂ emission is
more for biodiesel and its blends than that for pure diesel and it is increased with the
increase in blend proportion.
4.5
4
3.5
CO₂ emission(%)
3
2.5 Diesel
2 B10
1.5 B20
B30
1
B40
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on HC emissions
• HC emission is lower at engine part load and increases with increase of engine load.
Biodiesel blends with diesel fuel produced lower HC emissions at all engine loads
compared to pure diesel. Increase of biodiesel percentage in biodiesel blends led to
HC emissions reductions.
18
16
14
HC emission(ppm)
12
10 B40
8 B30
6 B20
4 B10
2 Diesel
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on Nox emissions
• NOx emissions increased with the increase in engine load for all fuels. Increase in
NOx emission for biodiesel blends was higher compared to pure diesel. NOx
emissions for biodiesel blends increased with increase of biodiesel volume
percentage.
120
100
NOx emission(ppm)
80
B40
60
B30
B20
40
B10
Diesel
20
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Load(KW)
Effect of used cooking oil biodiesel blends on smoke percentage
• Smoke emission increased with engine power output for all fuels. Smoke emissions
of biodiesel blends were lower than diesel fuel under similar operating conditions.
Smoke emission decreased with increase in biodiesel percentage in biodiesel blends
and B30 blend has shown less smoke percentage at full load condition
% of smoke
92 90.6
90 88.2
88
85.4 Diesel
86
B10
84 82.3 B20
82
79.4 B30
80
B40
78
76
74
72
Full load condition
Cost Analysis
120
100 97.8
93.4
89
84.6
Cost in rupees 80.2 Diesel
80
B10
B20
60 54 B30
B40
40 UCO Biodiesel
20
• Comparison of costs of diesel, UCO biodiesel and four different blends has been
shown in the above figure. It can be observed that cost of all the blends is less
than the cost of diesel.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study the performance analysis of used cooking oil biodiesel was evaluated on a
Diesel engine and the following conclusions were drawn:
• B20 blend gave better BTE as compared to other blends and BSFC of B20 blend was
found to be nearer to that of pure diesel.
• Higher exhaust gas temperatures were recorded for UCO biodiesel blends compared
to that of pure diesel.
• Least smoke percentage was recorded at full load condition for B30 blend among all
the fuels.
• CO and HC emissions were lower for UCO biodiesel blends compared to that of pure
diesel.
• Noₓ and CO₂ emissions were increased with the increase in percentage of biodiesel in
the blends.
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