Forensic 105 Cep
Forensic 105 Cep
Forensic 105 Cep
LIE DETECTION
TECHNIQUE
UNIT 3
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF
POLYGRAPH
• In the middle of 19th century, Dr. Hans Gross defined “search for
truths” as a basis and goal of all criminal investigations. He stated, “a
large part of criminal work is nothing more than a battle against lies.
ANGELO MOSSO (1895)
• He studied fear and its influence on the heart.
• He developed the sphygmomanometer, this instrument was designed
to measure the flow of blood while a person lay on his back in a prone
position.
CESARE LOMBROSO (1936-1909)
• He employed the first scientific instrument to detect deception, which
is known as hydrosphymograph, this instrument measures changes in
pulse and blood pressure when suspects were asked about their
involvement in or knowledge of specific response.
• He was accorded the distinction of being the first person to utilize an
instrument for the purpose of detecting lies.
WILLIAN MOULTON MARSTON (1915)
• He was considered as the father of modern polygraphy. He
experimented the blood pressure, respiration and skin resistance as
the basis for the responses of a person and can be use in detecting
lies.
JOHN LARSON (1921)
• He devised the very first practical polygraph in 1921. His instrument
gave a continuous recording of blood pressure and respiration.
• He devised the first two recording channel polygraph in the history.
LEONARDE KEELER
• He invented the “Keeler Polygraph” which is an improvement of
Larson’s apparatus. This apparatus was with components for
recording, blood pressure, pulse and respiratory changes. A
galvanometer what is known as the galvanic skin reflex generally
referred to as GSR.
VITTORIO BENUSSI (1914)
• He detected deception with a pneumograph, an instrument that
graphically measures the inhalation and exhalation.
• He presented a paper before the second meeting of the Italian Society
for Psychology in Rome, on the subject of his experiments regarding
respiratory symptoms of lying.
HAROLD BURTT (1918)
• He determine that respiratory changes were indication of deception.
He found out that changes in blood pressure were of greater value in
determining deception than in changes in respiratory.
LUIGI GALVANI
• He is an Italian physiologist who was accorded the distinction for
developing galvanic skin reflex (GSR) of the galvanometer, which
records electrical bodily resistance, it reflected emotional changes by
measuring changes in person skin resistance to electricity.
STICKER (1897)
• He made the first suggestion for using galvanograph for detecting
deception based on the works of several predecessors.
SIR JAMES MCKENZIE (1960)
• He invented the ink in the polygraph.
• A famous heart specialist. It was said that polygraph exist as early as
1906 but it is not being used to detect deception.
RICHARD O. ARCHER (1953)
• The first polygraphist to record simultaneously on a regular basis the
chest and abdominal breathing patterns. He was also the first on to
record simultaneously two galvanic skin reflexes.
RICHARD I. GOLDEN (1969)
• He presented a paper at the annual seminar of American polygraph
association at Houston, Texas regarding his experiments using existing
control question techniques but requiring the subject to answer each
question twice. The first time truthfully and the second time with a
lie, for the purpose of requiring additional data from the examinee by
comparing his subjective truthful answer with a known lie to the
same question.
ANTON MESMER
• In 1778, he was the first one to introduce hypnotism as a method of
detecting deception.
ALLEN BELL (1972)
• He is an American inventor who developed a device called
Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE). This instrument detects slight
trembling in the voice, which may be interpreted to determine if the
person is telling the truth.
CHAPTER 2
LIES AND EQUIPMENTS
UNIT 1
TYPES OF LIAR & LIES
What is Lie?