Nature & Effects of Disaster

Nature &
Effects of
Disaster
Learning Objectives
1. Characterize disasters and the conditions

by which disasters happen.
2. Enumerate and describe the effects of
disasters.
3. Determine the best policies and strategies
to mitigate the effects of disasters.
Effects of Disaster
widespread death
injury
property damage
destruction of crops
decreased quantity and quality of water
Disaster also cause impacts to the ff.
medical
structural
transportation
economic
environmental
social
political
Direct
Destruction of a
Property
site of cultural
Damage
significance
Non-quantifiable Quantifiable
(difficult to assign a (Measured numerically
monetary value) e.g. monetary terms)
Business
Loss education interruption
and loss income
Indirect
Direct Losses Indirect Losses Intangible Losses
physical effects
disrupting or
(death/injury, psychological
damaging utility
bldgs., vehicles,
clean-up, disposal
services and local challenges
businesses
costs
destruction and loss of revenue, anxiety,

changes that increase in cost,
reduce the expenses worry,
functionality of an connected to the depression,
individual or provision of
structure assistance, lodging, trauma
Why disaster is destructive in nature?
Because it occurs unexpectedly

What is needed to combat disaster so
that risk is mitigated?
timely warnings
quality hazard-related information issued by
competent monitoring and warning agencies
immediate and effective interventions of both
national government agencies (NGAs) and non-
government organizations (NGOs) to help meet
the needs of the victims
Characterize disasters through the responses and
actions of various sectors before, during, and after
disasters.
ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE

1. Warnings should be held until you are absolutely
sure; otherwise you will cause undue panic.
2. People are often immobilized by disaster and
need help with basic tasks.
3.Outside help is essential because local agencies are severely
limited in their ability to handle emergency demands.
4. Looting is not common occurrence in disasters.
5. Disaster planning should focus on creating strong authority,
if necessary, by senior levels of government to overcome the
subtle devastation of events.
6. The public respond proactively to disaster preparedness if
urged or encouraged.
7. Disaster planning should be separated from day-to-day
processes because by their very nature, disasters require
responses well beyond the needs of day-to-day activities
8. Many citizens will not evacuate even when ordered to.
9. Most evacuees have the tendency not to go to
the community shelters.
10. People have the tendency to panic in disaster
situations.
11. Most injured people will be directed or transported to
medical centers by emergency medical services.
12. Help from within and outside of the impacted
community will arrive only when requested.
13. There will be shortage of donated items and goods.
1 Warnings should be held until you are absolutely
sure; otherwise you will cause undue panic.
FALSE
There will be some panic but people
generally will not. Relevant and accurate
information should be disseminated to
minimize feeling of uncertainty.
2 People are often immobilized by disaster and need
help with basic tasks.
FALSE
Residents of disaster-affected areas
respond actively. They are the rescuers of
over 95% of those trapped and injured.
They do not wait for government officials
to tell them what to do.
3 Outside help is essential because local agencies are
severely limited in their ability to handle emergency
demands.
FALSE
Generally, there are enough resources in the area.
The problem is finding, mobilizing, and
coordinating them. The principal problem in
caring for victims is not the lack of resources. It is
from vague responsibilities, conflicting
organizations, and lack of communications.
4 Looting is not common occurrence in disasters.
TRUE
Looting in natural or man-made disasters
is rare. In civil disorder, it is a common
internal community behavior.
5 Disaster planning should focus on creating strong
authority, if necessary, by senior levels of government
to overcome the subtle devastation of events.
FALSE
Communities mobilize rapidly to meet
disaster demands. Timely local
coordination is more appropriate than
para-military authority.
6 The public respond proactively to disaster
preparedness if urged or encouraged.
TRUE
The majority of the public will prepare when
they are encouraged by credible authorities to
develop plans for threats that have a high
probability of occurrence in a fairly short
time. The focus must be on adaptive actions
rather than danger.
7 Disaster planning should be separated from day-to-day processes
because by their very nature, disasters require responses well
beyond the needs of day-to-day activities.
FALSE
This is a common mistake of disaster
planners. An essential element of successful
preparedness includes the use of traditional
institutionalized sources of power in the
community.
8 Many citizens will not evacuate even when ordered to.
FALSE
The likelihood of evacuation increases
when the source is credible, the message
is specific, and the message is confirmed.
9 Most evacuees have the tendency not to go to
the community shelters.
TRUE
Evacuees prefer the homes of relatives or
friends for shelter, even if they are
farther away than community shelters.
10 People have the tendency to panic in disaster
situations.
FALSE
Panic is not a common response to disasters.
Most people will attempt to do very logical,
constructive things. It does occur in conditions
of entrapment or where there is a sense of
powerlessness or isolation. People do not flee
in panic; they flee from something.
11 Most injured people will be directed or
transported to medical centers by emergency
medical services.
FALSE
Most will go, or be taken by local citizens,
to the center of their choice.
12 Help from within and outside of the impacted
community will arrive only when requested.
FALSE
There will be a convergence of
unsolicited responders, volunteers and
resources, both from within and outside
of the community.
13 There will be shortage of donated items and goods.
FALSE
Following a major disaster, large-
quantities of unwanted and unsolicited
donated goods and items are likely to
arrive unannounced.

Nature & Effects of Disaster

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Nature &

1. Characterize disasters and the conditions

destruction and loss of revenue, anxiety,

Because it occurs unexpectedly

ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE

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