ECOLOGICAL

RELATIONSHI
P
 S7LT -IIH - 10
DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT
ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS FOUND
IN AN ECOSYSTEM
 Activity

Analysis

Objectives Abstraction Application Assessment Assignment

 1. Sets of pictures
will be presented.
2. YOU will guess the
word that best
Four PICS describe the set of
one WORD pictures presented.
Describe how organisms interact with their environment
to survive.
Dog and its master
Orchid and tree

Lebron Vs. Curry

Mosquitoes to its hosts

Frog and fly
 OBJECTIVES
1. Describe how organisms interact with their
environment to survive;
2. Match the different ecological relationships
between organisms in an ecosystem; and
3. Justify the importance of ecological
relationship between organisms in an ecosystem.
ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
Organisms occupy what are called niches. A niche
includes the physical space in which they live, how
they use the resources that are in that space, and how
they interact with other organisms in that space. The
interaction among organisms within or between
overlapping niches can be characterized into five types
of relationships: competition, predation,
commensalism, mutualism and parasitism.

ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
 1. MUTUALISM:
DOUBLE POSITIVE INTERACTION
- describesan interaction that benefits
both species.
Examples are the relationship between alga
and fungus that form lichens, bees and
flowers, ants and aphids, carabao and heron
etc...
 1. MUTUALISM:
DOUBLE POSITIVE INTERACTION
3 Forms of Mutualistic interaction
1.Obligate mutualism is when one species cannot
survive apart from the other.
2.Diffusive mutualism is when one organism can live
with more than one partner.
3.Facultative mutualism is when one species can
survive on its own under certain conditions.
 1. MUTUALISM:
DOUBLE POSITIVE INTERACTION
3 General purposes of Mutualistic relationships .
1. Trophic mutualism is exemplified in lichens, which consist of fungi and
either algae or cyanobacteria. The fungi's partners provide sugar from
photosynthesis and the fungi provide nutrients from digesting rock.
2. Defensive mutualism is when one organism provides protection from
predators while the other provides food or shelter: an example is ants and aphids.
3. Dispersive mutualism is when one species receives food in return for
transporting the pollen of the other organism, which occurs between bees and
flowers.
 MUTUALISM:
DOUBLE POSITIVE INTERACTION
 2. COMMENSALISM:
A POSITIVE/ZERO INTERACTION
-an interaction where one species benefits and
the other remains unaffected.
Examples are Orchids Growing on Branches of
Trees, Remora Fish and Sharks, Monarch Butterfly
and Milkweed, Barnacles and Whales
 2. COMMENSALISM:
A POSITIVE/ZERO INTERACTION
4 Basic types of Commensal relationships.
1.Chemical commensalism occurs when one bacteria produces a
chemical that sustains another bacteria.
2.Inquilinism is when one organism lives in the nest, burrow, or
dwelling place of another species.
3.Metabiosis is commensalism in which one species is dependent on
the other for survival.
4.Phoresy is when one organism temporarily attaches to another
organism for the purposes of transportation.
 COMMENSALISM:
A POSITIVE/ZERO INTERACTION
 3. COMPETITION:
THE DOUBLE NEGATIVE
• -is a negative interaction that occurs among organisms
whenever two or more organisms require the same limited
resource.
• Examples are found from same species of horses, chickens,
dogs, tigers, lions, and other organisms where they compete
over same food resource or over same female mate or over
same territory.
 3. COMPETITION:
THE DOUBLE NEGATIVE
•  2 types of competition (biologist)
• 1. Interference competition, organisms interact directly by fighting for scarce
resources. For example, large aphids (insects) defend feeding sites on
cottonwood leaves by kicking and shoving smaller aphids from better sites.
• 2. Exploitative competition, organisms interact indirectly by consuming
scarce resources. For example, plants consume nitrogen by absorbing it into
their roots, making nitrogen unavailable to nearby plants. Plants that produce
many roots typically reduce soil nitrogen to very low levels, eventually killing
neighboring plants.
 3. COMPETITION:
THE DOUBLE NEGATIVE
•  2 types of competition (biologist)
 COMPETITION:
THE DOUBLE NEGATIVE
 4. PARASITISM:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE INTERACTION
-is a relationship in which one organism benefits and
the other organism is harmed, but not always killed. The
organism that benefits is called the parasite, and the one
that is harmed is the host.
Examples are: lice and ticks on dogs, cats, chickens;
roundworms, heartworms and whipworms; leach and
mosquitoes.
 4. PARASITISM:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE INTERACTION
Types of Parasitism
1. Hyperparasitism, which is when a parasite is infected by
another parasite, such as a microorganism living in a flea,
which lives on a dog.
2. Social parasitism is exemplified by an ant species that
does not have worker ants, living among another ant
species that do, by using the host species’
 4. PARASITISM:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE INTERACTION
Types of Parasites
1. Ectoparasites -- such as ticks, fleas, and leeches -- that live on the
surface of the host.
2. Endoparasites -- such as intestinal worms – that live inside the
host. Endoparasites can be further categorized into intercellular
parasites, that live in the space between cells, or intracellular
parasites, which live inside of cells.
 PARASITISM:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE INTERACTION
 PREDATION:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE
INTERACTION
Predation is when one organism eats another organism to obtain
nutrients. The organism that is eaten is called the prey. The organism
that eats is called the predator.

Examples of predation are snakes that eat mice, and lions that eat
gazelles, chickens that eat grasshoppers, birds that eat worms, Frogs
that eat mosquitoes, horses that eat grass, grasshoppers that eat
cabbages etc…
 PREDATION:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE
INTERACTION
While it's most often associated with the classic predator-prey
interaction, in which one species kills and consumes another, not all
predation interactions result in the death of one organism. In the case
of herbivory, a herbivore often consumes only part of the plant.
 PREDATION:
A POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE
INTERACTION
Justify the importance of ecological
relationship between organisms in an
ecosystem.
Match column A with column B. Different ecological
relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
A B
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
PREDATION
COMPETITION
Match column A with column B. Different ecological
relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
A B
PREDATION
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM

MUTUALISM
COMPETITION
Match column A with column B. Different ecological
relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
A B
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
PREDATION
COMPETITION
Match column A with column B. Different ecological
relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
A B
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
PREDATION
COMPETITION
Match column A with column B. Different ecological
relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
A B
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
PREDATION
COMPETITION
CONGRATULATIONS!
You’re a Genius
Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Which of the following correctly describes
the relationship between orchid and a tree?
a. The orchid is benefitted while the tree is
harmed.
b. The orchid and the tree both benefitted.
c. The orchid is harmed while the tree is
benefitted
d. The orchid is benefitted while the tree is
unaffected
Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

2. The relationship of Remora and

Sharks is an example of ______.

a. Mutualism
b. Parasitism
c. commensalism
d. predation
Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

3. Which of the following is an

example of Predation?
a. ants and aphids
b. mosquitoes and pigs
c. cats and mouse
d. lion and tiger
Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

4. The following are reasons why

organism compete except ________.

a. food resource
b. light
c. territory
d. sound
Direction: Read each item carefully.Click
Chooseiconthe letter
to add of the
picture
correct answer.

5. Which relationship best describe

Parasitism?
a. ticks suck blood from their host
b. dogs feed by their masters
b. cats eat mouse
d. orchid on a tree trunk
 
Assignment:
Cut-out a picture showing ecological
interaction among organism. Paste it on a whole
sheet of paper, and write everything you see.
 Ecological
Topic :

Relationships
 
References : K-12 Science Curriculum Guide, December 2013, p. 39
SCIENCE 7 – Teacher’s Guide, Module 5: Interactions pp.
114 – 117
SCIENCE 7 – Learner’s Material, Module 5: Interactions pp.
122 – 123
www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/ecological-relationships
www.sciencing.com/five-types-ecological-relationships
www.education.seattlepi.com/five-types-ecological
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