Topic 12 - Protein Synthesis
Topic 12 - Protein Synthesis
Topic 12 - Protein Synthesis
RNA DNA
1. Ribose sugar Deoxyribose sugar
Transcription
Translation
Protein: Met-Ala-Ser-Thr-Stop
Protein synthesis in detail.
1. Transcription:
• mRNA is made from the DNA code in the
nucleus
• The entire DNA code is not copied.
• Just one gene segment that codes for a
specific protein
Transcription explained in steps:
1. The enzyme RNA polymerase, unwinds
DNA and guides the creation of mRNA.
2. The DNA double helix unwinds and
separates at a certain point.
• RNA polymerase uses one strand as a
template or model
Transcription animation
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/genetics/
animations/transcription.htm
3. Nucleotides are added into a
complimentary strand of mRNA based on
the DNA code.
• DNA: AATTGGCAC
• mRNA: UUAACCGUG
RNA
polymerase
DNA
RNA
Go to
Section:
2. Translation
• mRNA is now at the ribosome where
amino acids are added to make a long
protein chain.
• Its still based on the DNA code which
is carried by mRNA.
Translation explained in steps
1. The mRNA is read by rRNA.
• rRNA makes up the ribosome.
DNA: TACTTGAACTAA
mRNA: AUGAACUUGAUU
2. Next break the mRNA into codon or three
letters.
DNA: TACTTGAACTAA
mRNA: AUGAACUUGAUU
mRNA: AUG-AAC-UUG-AUU
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Section:
Summary of protein synthesis:
• Protein synthesis takes place in 2
steps:
• Transcription and translation
1. Transcription:
• DNA unzips
• mRNA is made by complimentary
base pairing
• Happens in the nucleus.
2. Translation:
• mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes
to the ribosome.
• At the ribosome, a specific protein
is made.
• This is done by tRNA adding amino
acids to a growing chain.
• http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a71-
protein-synthesis
• http://library.thinkquest.org/20465/g_DNATr
anscription.html
Making Proteins
DNA:
DNA TAC CGA TCG TGA ACT
Transcription
Translation
Protein: Met-Ala-Ser-Thr-Stop
GCC:
AUG:
UUU::
ACG:
CGU:
TTT:
CCC:
GCA
UUU
AUG
AGG
AAA
CGC
ATG:
• Starting with DNA, find the mRNA code,
and the amino acid sequence using one of
the charts.
• DNA: ATATTTGCCGAA
• mRNA: UAU-AAA-CGG-CUU
• tRNA: AUA-UUU-GCC-GAA
• Amino acid: Tyr-Phe-Ala-Glu
• Use mRNA in the amino acid chart
Do these on your own:
DNA: GCCATTTAACGG
mRNA:
Amino acid:
DNA: AATTCCGGATAT
mRNA:
Amino acid:
• DNA: GGCCCTATTGGG
• mRNA: _________________
• Amino acid: __________________
• DNA: TACCCCCGATTACGTACC
• mRNA: __________________________
• Amino acid:
___________________________