Embedded Systems
Embedded Systems
Embedded Systems
Mr. P. P. Shetti
Embedded Systems
• An embedded system is one kind of a
computer system mainly designed to perform
several tasks like to access, process, store and
also control the data in various electronics-
based systems.
• Embedded systems are a combination of
hardware and software where software
is usually known as firmware that is embedded
into the hardware.
Embedded Systems
• One of its most important characteristics of
these systems is, it gives the o/p within the
time limits.
• Embedded systems support to make the work
more perfect and convenient.
• So, we frequently use embedded systems in
simple and complex devices too.
Embedded Systems
• The applications of embedded systems mainly
involve in our real life for several devices like
microwave, calculators, TV remote control,
home security and neighborhood traffic
control systems, etc.
Block Diagram of Embedded System with
Hardware Components
Embedded System Hardware
• An embedded system uses a hardware
platform to perform the operation.
• Hardware of the embedded system is
assembled with a microprocessor or
microcontroller.
• It has the elements such as input/output
interfaces, memory, user interface and the
display unit.
Embedded System Hardware
• Generally, an embedded system comprises of the
following
• Power Supply
• Memory
• Processor
• Timers
• Output/Output circuits
• Serial communication ports
• SASC (System application specific circuits)
Embedded System Software
• The software of an embedded system is
written to execute a particular function.
• It is normally written in a high-level setup and
then compiled down to offer code that can be
stuck within a non-volatile memory in the
hardware.
Embedded System Software
• An embedded system software is intended to
keep in view of the following three limits
– Convenience of system memory
– Convenience of processor’s speed
– When the embedded system runs constantly,
there is a necessity to limit power dissipation for
actions like run, stop and wake up.
RTOS (Real Time Operating System)
• A system which is essential to finish its task and
send its service on time, then only it said to
be a real time operating system.
• RTOS controls the application software and
affords a device to allow the processor run.
• It is responsible for managing the different
hardware resources of a personal computer
and also host applications which run on the PC.
RTOS (Real Time Operating System)
• Harvard architecture
• Harvard Architecture is the digital computer
architecture whose design is based on the
concept where there are separate storage and
separate buses (signal path) for instruction
and data. It was basically developed to
overcome the bottleneck of Von Neumann
Architecture.
Harvard architecture
Von Neumann architecture.
• In a Von-Neumann architecture, the same
memory and bus are used to store both data
and instructions that run the program. Since
you cannot access program memory and data
memory simultaneously, the Von Neumann
architecture is susceptible to bottlenecks and
system performance is affected.
Von Neumann architecture
Classification of Microprocessors
• Besides the classification based on the word
length, the classification is also based on the
architecture i.e. Instruction Set of the
microprocessor. These are categorised into
RISC and CISC.
RISC
• It stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. It is
a type of microprocessor architecture that uses a
small set of instructions of uniform length. These are
simple instructions which are generally executed in
one clock cycle. RISC chips are relatively simple to
design and inexpensive.The setback of this design is
that the computer has to repeatedly perform simple
operations to execute a larger program having a
large number of processing operations.
Examples: SPARC, POWER PC etc.
CISC
• It stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. These
processors offer the users, hundreds of instructions of
variable sizes. CISC architecture includes a complete set
of special purpose circuits that carry out these
instructions at a very high speed. These instructions
interact with memory by using complex addressing
modes. CISC processors reduce the program size and
hence lesser number of memory cycles are required to
execute the programs. This increases the overall speed of
execution.
Examples: Intel architecture, AMD
RISC VS CISC
Thank You!