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    Presentation ICT Powerpoint

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    Sango Vincenzo
    1) Ohm's law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it. It can be expressed as an equation: V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. 2) Resistors in series have the same current passing through each one. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. The total voltage is divided between the resistors proportional to their resistances. 3) Resistors in parallel have the same voltage across each one. The total resistance is lower than any individual resistance and can be calculated using 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

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    Presentation ICT Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Sango Vincenzo
    33 views6 pages
    1) Ohm's law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it. It can be expressed as an equation: V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. 2) Resistors in series have the same current passing through each one. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. The total voltage is divided between the resistors proportional to their resistances. 3) Resistors in parallel have the same voltage across each one. The total resistance is lower than any individual resistance and can be calculated using 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

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    1) Ohm's law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it. It can be expressed as an equation: V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. 2) Resistors in series have the same current passing through each one. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. The total voltage is divided between the resistors proportional to their resistances. 3) Resistors in parallel have the same voltage across each one. The total resistance is lower than any individual resistance and can be calculated using 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views6 pages

    Presentation ICT Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Sango Vincenzo
    1) Ohm's law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it. It can be expressed as an equation: V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. 2) Resistors in series have the same current passing through each one. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. The total voltage is divided between the resistors proportional to their resistances. 3) Resistors in parallel have the same voltage across each one. The total resistance is lower than any individual resistance and can be calculated using 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

     

    ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND OHM’S LAW


    Ohm’s law as definition: the potential
    difference across a resistor is directly
    proportional to the current strength through
    the resistor, provided the temperature
    remains constant.

    Ohm’s law in symbol

    V α I (at constant T)

    As an equation
    Where: R – Resistance
    V (E) – Voltage
    I – Current strength
    The graph of V versus I is a straight line
    through the origin
     The greater the resistance, the smaller the
    current
     The greater the resistance, the greater the
    potential difference across resistor (Vα R).
     The potential difference across the light bulb
    and ratio increases
     Therefore, the graph of has an increase
    gradient.
    Resistors in series circuit

    Resistors are connected end to end From ohm’s law it follows that:
    The total effective resistance of resistors in series is the sum of
    separate resistance values:  V1 = IR
    RT = R1 + R2 + R3
    = x R1
    The same current strength (A) flows through each of the resistors
    connected in series, regardless of resistance values, I1 = I2 = I3
    (readings A1, A2, A3)
    V1 = x VT

    The total potential difference of external circuit is divided between


    the resistors connected in series: VT = V1 + V2 + V3
    The division is proportional to the resistance values of the resistors
    I = Main current strength
    Resistors in series are potential dividers. VT = total potential difference of
    external circuit
    Therefore, The greater the resistance of the resistor, the greater the
    potential difference across its end. RT = total effective resistance
    of the resistors in external
    circuit
    2. I = = 2A I = main current
    Example
    Suppose three resistors R1 = 2ꭥ, R2 = 2ꭥ 3. V1 = x VT OR V1 = IR1
    and R3 = 3ꭥ are connected in series. The = x 12 =2x1
    potential difference across the battery is 12
    V. =2V =2V

    • Determine:
    V2 = x VT OR V2 = IR2
    = x 12 =2x2
    1. The total effective resistance
    =4V =4V
    2. The reading on the ammeter A
    3. The potential difference across each
    V3 = x VT OR V3 = IR3
    resistor = x 12 =2x3
    Solution
    1. RT = R1 + R2 + R3 =6V =6V
    = 1+2+3 NB
    = 6ꭥ
    Vtotal = V1 + V2 + V3 = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12 V
    Resistors

    in parallel circuit
    The total effective resistance of resistors connected in parallel is
    calculated as follows:
    = + +
    p is read as ‘parallel’, thus Rp = Rparallel
    1. From ohm’s law, i.e. I1 = = OR
    2. for two resistors, R1 = 1 ohms and R2 = 2
     The value of Rp is always less than that of the parallel branch with the
    smallest resistance ohms in parallel with a current of 6A
     The more resistor in parallel, the smaller their total effective Current through R2 = x Imain current
    resistance
     For two resistors connected in parallel, the total resistance is:
    = x6=2A

    Rp =   Current through R1 = x Imain current = x 6 = 4 A


     The potential difference is the same across each resistor and across The larger current passes through the resistor
    the parallel resistors combined, i.e. with a smaller resistance R1 and vice versa.
    Vp = V1 = V 2

     The main current is divided between the resistors so that:

    I T = I 1 + I2
    Therefore, resistors in parallel are current dividers. 
     The smallest current passes through the resistor with the greater
    resistance
     The current strength through each can be calculated as follows:
    example
    2. Vp = 10.8 V
    Three resistors R1 = 1Ω, R2 = 2Ω and R3 = 3Ω
    are connected in parallel in a circuit with a 10, IT = = = = 19.8 A 
    8 V battery, ammeter and switch (assume the
    internal resistance = 0Ω).
    3. I1 = OR NB:
    • Calculate
    = = 10.8 A Vp = potential difference
    1. total effective resistance of the resistors across the battery, as there
    are no resistors in series in
    2. the main current strength I2 = = = 5.4 A the circuit
    3. the current strength (I1, I2 and I3) through
    NB:
    each resistor (R1,R2 and R3),
    I1 + I 2 + I 3
    Solution I3 = = = 3.6 A
    = 10.8 +5.4 +3.6
    1. = + +
    =19.8 A =I(main current)
    = + + =
    Rp = 0.54 Ω

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