Organization of The Body 1 1
Organization of The Body 1 1
Organization of The Body 1 1
BODY
CHAPTER 5
Learning Outcomes:
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
CAVITIES OF THE BODY
DIRECTIONAL TERMS &
ANATOMICAL PLANES
ORGAN SYSTEMS
BASIC STRUCTURAL
UNITS OF THE BODY
• Adip/o = fat
• Chondr/o = cartilage
• Cyt/o = cell
• Hist/o = tissue
• Nucle/o = nucleus
• Sarc/o = flesh; muscle
PARTS OR REGIONS OF THE BODY
COMBINING FORM MEANING
Abdomin/o abdomen
Acr/o Extremity (arm/leg)
Crani/o skull
Dactyl/o Finger or toe
Gastr/o stomach
Inguin/o groin
Lumb/o loin;
GROUP GROUP OF
OF GROUP OF ORGANS
CELLS TISSUES FORM FORMS“OR
FORM GAN
“ORGANS”
“TISSUE SYSTEM”
S”
BASIC STRUCTURE OF CELL:
The basic structure of a cell includes three parts:
• EPITHELIAL TISSUES
- cover the internal and external body surfaces
- found in the skin, mucous membrane, lining of blood vessels, digestive,
respiratory, and urinary tracts.
• MUSCLE TISSUES
- Provides movement.
- Its main function is to CONTRACT
• NERVE TISSUES
- composed of nerve cells called NEURONS
- conduct impulses to and from the brain
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
ORGANS
- made up of several types of tissues that performs specific functions.
- Ex: heart, liver, stomach, lungs, skin, eyes
BODY SYSTEMS
- When groups of organs work together, the form a system. Some of the
major body systems and their major organs are:
- Right hypochondriac
- Epigastric
- Left hypochondriac
- Right lumbar
- Umbilical
- Left lumbar
- Right inguinal
- Hypogastric
- Left inguinal
THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY CAN ALSO BE DIVIDED INTO 4
QUADRANTS:
Note: Both system is used for subdividing the right and left destinations of the patient’s
abdominopelvic cavity. The region system is used mainly in identifying the location of
internal organs while the quadrant system is generally used for clinical examination and
reporting.
ROOTS OF STRUCTURES
ROOTS WHAT IT MEANS
Cyt/o cell
Epitheli/o epithelium
Fibr/o fibrous
Hist/o tissue
Lip/o fat
Myo muscle
Neur/o nerve
Organ/o organ
Viscer/o internal organ
Suffixes pertaining to body structure and organization.
SUFFIX WHAT IT MEANS
-cyte cell
-gen Agent that causes
-genic producing
-ologist One who studies/practices
-oma Tumor or swelling
-osis Abnormal condition
-pathy disease
-plasm Growth or formation
-sarcoma Malignant tumor
DIRECTIONAL TERMS AND
ANATOMICAL PLANES
• ANATOMICAL PLANES-
- These are the imaginary planes (flat
surfaces) that are used to section or provide
divisions of the body in a specific location.
• A VERTICAL section or
anatomical plane that provides
division of the body and its
parts into anterior (front) and
posterior (back) portions.
MIDSAGITTAL PLANE
• LATERAL PLANE
• A VERTICAL plane running
from front to back
• It divides the body or any of its
parts into right and left sides.
TRANSVERSE PLANE
• AXIAL PLANE
• A HORIZONTAL (CROSS-
SECTION) plane
REGIONS LOCATION
Auricular region Around the ears
• MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
- The musculoskeletal system supports your body and helps you move. This is made
up of 206 and more than 600 muscles.
- bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and soft tissues
• INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
- It is the body’s largest organ that helps to regulate temperature and eliminate waste
through perspiration. It is the first defense of the body against bacteria, viruses, and
pathogens.
- Includes nails, hair, skin, and glands
• SENSORY SYSTEM
- Enables the body to detect and process information from its surroundings through
sensory organs that is interpreted by the brain
- eyes, nose, ears, skin, tongue
• CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Sometimes called “Circulatory System”, carries oxygen, nutrient, hormones, and
lymph fluids in the body and get rid of wastes products.
• LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
- This system works together white the blood in the body to fight and defend the body
against diseases.
- It produces disease-fighting cells (lymphocytes) that circulates in the blood.
• RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- The Respiratory System’s main function is to allow the body to breath or the gas
exchange internally and externally of the body.
• GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
- Also known as the “digestive system”. It digests food, absorbs nutrients, carries
and eliminates waste materials.
-
• ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- Maintains the chemical balance in the body.
• NERVOUS SYSTEM
- It transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
- It controls voluntary and involuntary actions.
• URINARY SYSTEM
- It controls the levels of chemicals and salts in the blood.
- Helps regulate blood pressure and maintains body’s water balance
- Remove metabolic wastes products from the body.
• REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
- The overall function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: testes, penis, prostate gland, scrotum, vas
deferens, and seminal vesicles