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    Unit 5 Nutritional Consideration in The Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases, Educational Platform

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    zia ullah
    This document discusses nutritional considerations for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and coronary artery disease. It identifies risk factors for hypertension such as excessive salt, saturated fat, and physical inactivity. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include age, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The role of dietary management for these conditions is outlined, including reducing salt and saturated fat intake, weight loss, and quitting smoking. Specific dietary recommendations are provided for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a low cholesterol diet.

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    Unit 5 Nutritional Consideration in The Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases, Educational Platform

    Uploaded by

    zia ullah
    218 views18 pages
    This document discusses nutritional considerations for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and coronary artery disease. It identifies risk factors for hypertension such as excessive salt, saturated fat, and physical inactivity. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include age, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The role of dietary management for these conditions is outlined, including reducing salt and saturated fat intake, weight loss, and quitting smoking. Specific dietary recommendations are provided for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a low cholesterol diet.

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    Unit 5; Nutritional consideration in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases, Educational Platform

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    This document discusses nutritional considerations for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and coronary artery disease. It identifies risk factors for hypertension such as excessive salt, saturated fat, and physical inactivity. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include age, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The role of dietary management for these conditions is outlined, including reducing salt and saturated fat intake, weight loss, and quitting smoking. Specific dietary recommendations are provided for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a low cholesterol diet.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    218 views18 pages

    Unit 5 Nutritional Consideration in The Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases, Educational Platform

    Uploaded by

    zia ullah
    This document discusses nutritional considerations for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and coronary artery disease. It identifies risk factors for hypertension such as excessive salt, saturated fat, and physical inactivity. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include age, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The role of dietary management for these conditions is outlined, including reducing salt and saturated fat intake, weight loss, and quitting smoking. Specific dietary recommendations are provided for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a low cholesterol diet.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Nutritional Consideration in

    Cardiovascular Diseases

    Applied Nutrition Unit-V

    Imran Waheed
    Demonstrator
    (INS-KMU)

    6/1/2020 1
    Objectives
    By the end of this session, participants will be able to:
    • Identify the risk factors for the development of
    hypertension.
    • Identify the risk factors for the development of coronary
    artery disease.
    • Discuss the role of a nurse in dietary management of
    hypertension and patient with hyperlipidemia.
    • Counsel patients on the dietary prevention of coronary
    artery disease
    • State dietary modification for low chol diet – low saturated
    fat, low sodium diet

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 2


    Definition
    • Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood
    pressure.
    • The top number is called the systolic blood pressure,
    and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood
    pressure.
    • Blood pressure readings are usually given as two
    numbers for example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80
    mmHg). One or both of these numbers can be too
    high.
    • Hypertension, is called the “silent killer” because it can
    go undetected for years.
    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 3
    Risk Factors For Hypertension
    • Modifiable Risk Factors:
    • Excessive salt consumption
    • A diet high in saturated fat and trans fats
    • Low intake of fruits and vegetables
    • Low physical inactivity
    • Consumption of tobacco and alcohol
    • Psychological factors
    • Being overweight or obese
    • Socioeconomic status
    • Poorly controlled diabetes
    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 4
    Conti…
    • Non-modifiable Risk Factors:
    • Family history of hypertension
    • Age
    • Gender
    • Race
    • Age over 65 years and co-existing diseases
    such as diabetes or kidney disease.

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 5


    Coronary Artery Diseases

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the


    narrowing of coronary arteries. These are the
    blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to
    the heart. The condition is also called
    coronary heart disease (CHD).

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 6


    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 7
    Risk Factors of Coronary Artery
    Diseases
    • Age
    • Sex
    • Family history of coronary artery disease
    • Smoking
    • Hypertension
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Obesity
    • Unhealthy cholesterol level
    • Low physical activity

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 8


    Role Of A Nurse In Dietary Management Of
    Hypertension

    Diet:
    The diet is recommended for patients with
    hypertension:
    – Moderate salt restriction of 10 g / day to 5
    g / day
    – Diets low in cholesterol and low in saturated fatty
    acids
    – Weight loss
    – Decrease/stop your intake of alcohol
    – Quit smoking
    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 9
    How to Manage Hyperlipidemic diet?

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 10


    Hyperlipidemia Diet Management
    Diet do's
    • Bread, cereal, rice
    • Fresh fruits and vegetables
    • Legumes and nuts
    • Fish and skinless chicken
    • Olive and canola oils
    • Skim milk and low-fat yogurt

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 11


    Diet don'ts
    • Fried
    foods

    • Red meats

    • Margarine

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 12


    Dietary Sources of Cholesterol
    Type of Fat Main Source Effect on Cholesterol
    Levels
    Monounsaturated Olives, olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, Lowers LDL, Raises HDL
    cashews, almonds, peanuts and most other
    nuts; avocados

    Polyunsaturated Corn, soybean, safflower and cottonseed Lowers LDL, Raises HDL
    oil; fish

    Saturated Whole milk, butter, cheese, and ice cream; Raises both LDL and HDL
    red meat; chocolate; coconuts, coconut milk,
    coconut oil , egg yolks, chicken skin

    Trans Most margarines; vegetable shortening; Raises LDL


    partially hydrogenated vegetable oil; deep-
    fried chips; many fast foods; most
    commercial baked goods

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 13


    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 14
    Nursing Counseling
    • Walking or doing some form of physically activity.
    • Losing weight if patient is overweight.
    • Counsel the Patient to reduce alcohol consumption
    if he/she is alcohol addicted.
    • Counsel the patient to keep blood pressure under
    control.
    • Counsel the patient to keep diabetes under
    control.
    • Counsel the patient to take prescribed medication as
    prescribed.
    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 1
    5
    Low Cholesterol, Low Saturated Fat Diet

    • Limit total intake of fats and oils.


    • Avoid butter and coconut oils.
    • Limit salad, sauces, unless they are homemade
    with low-fat ingredients.
    • Limit chocolate.
    • Use vegetable oil, such as canola oils
    • Look for margarine that does not contain fatty
    acids.

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 16


    Reference
    • s
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
    Retrieved on 28/05/2020
    • http://www.emro.who.int/world-health-days/2013/nutrition-
    hypertension-factsheet-whd-2013.html Retrieved on 28/05/2020
    • James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline
    for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from
    the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
    Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507-20.
    • Nayor M, Duncan MS, Musani SK, Xanthakis V, LaValley MP, Larson
    MG, et al. Incidence of cardiovascular disease in individuals affected
    by recent changes to US blood pressure treatment guidelines. J
    Hypertens 2018; 36:436–443.
    • Zanchetti, Alberto Factors influencing blood pressure levels, Journal
    of Hypertension: August 2015 - Volume 33 - Issue 8 - p 1497-1498
    doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000667

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 17


    The only difference
    between ordinary
    and extraordinary is
    that extra. Jimmy Johnson
    little

    6/1/2020 Imran Waheed 18

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