Computer System

COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER SYSTEM
• It consist of hardware components along with peripheral

devices that work together, and software components or
programs that run in the computer.
• It is very important to know the different components of a
computer system and system and its function: the hardware,
software, and peopleware.
• It will not work properly with each other.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Hardware
- refers to the physical or tangible parts of the computer.
- it can be an electronic or mechanical part of a computer
system.
MAJOR HARDWARE
INPUT DEVICES
- to enter data into the computer
- it accepts data and instructions from the user or from
another computer system.
TWO TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES
1. KEYBOARD ENTRY
- any data inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
*The KEYBOARD is the oldest and most common example of
an input device that designed around a basic set of 101 to 104
alphanumeric keys.
* The Keyboard usually sits on your desktop and sends its
signals to the computer via a long wire although there are
several wireless keyboards available in the market today.
TWO TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES
2. DIRECT ENTRY
- data that doesn’t require to the keyed or pressed into a
keyboard, but still creates machine – readable data on paper,
magnetic media, or is fed directly into the computer’s CPU.
THREE CATEGORIES UNDER DIRECT - ENTRY
a. POINTING DEVICE
- is used to move the pointer or cursor on the screen by
hovering the mouse, touching the screen, or by means of a
stylus.
POINTING DEVICE
Mouse
- uses a concentrated beam of
light or a tiny laser.
- these are called optical
mouse.
POINTING DEVICE
Touch Screen
- a special type of monitor which
allows you to click objects on the
screen by touching the screen with your
finger.
- this type of monitor is often used
for cash registers or computer kiosks to
make it convenient for the user to select
items on the screen.
POINTING DEVICE
Glide pad
- also known as a touch pad.
- this is a touch sensitive pad for
controlling the cursor.
- a very popular alternate pointing
device for laptops since it occupies
very little space and can fit within the
limited space of a laptop.
b. SCANNING DEVICE
- uses a scanner which is an
electronic device that converts
pictures or printed text into digital
format which can then be used by
your computer
c. VOICE – INPUT DEVICE

- also known as the speech or
voice recognition system.
- through the use of microphone,
the user can send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording,
or carrying out commands.
VOICE-INPUT DEVICE
Processing Device
- any component in a computer that receives input and
processes the input to produce an output.
System Unit
- all the other parts of a computer must be connected in one
way or another to the CPU.
-
SYSTEM UNIT
- all the other parts of a computer must be
connected in one way or another to the CPU.
- peripherals like printers, scanners, and others
devices ae usually connected to ports located at
the back of the system unit.
- there are two parts – these are the internal and
external parts.
- the internal parts are located inside the
system unit, and the external parts are the parts
outside the system unit.
EXTERNAL PARTS OF SYSTEM UNIT
1. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM DRIVE
- is where the compact disk is inserted
2. LED
- stands for Light Emitting Diode.
- It is a power indicator or HDD activity light, RAM activity
light or diagnostic light found in front of the system unit.
3. POWER SWITCH
- it is used to turn the computer on.
4. RESET SWITCH
- it is used to restart the computer without turning it off.
5. USB PORT
- it is where the USB stick is inserted
6. PORTS
- are slots located at the back of the System Unit where cables are
plugged.
Ports
- external connecting sockets at the back of the system unit.
- it is a pathway in and out of the computer.
- you will be needing cables and wires to plug in outside
peripherals, such as monitors, mouse, keyboard, scanners, and
printers.
ACTIVITY
1. Open the internet browser.

2. Watch a video tutorial or research for the ports of the system
unit and its functions.
3. Open Microsoft Word. Prepare a summary table of the ports
and cables/connectors of the system unit.
4. Save your document as “PortsandConnectors_Name.docx”
5. Send it through GMAIL (etabliago@smile.edu.ph).
ACTIVITY
INTERNAL PARTS OF SYSTEM UNIT
1. MOTHER BOARD
- is also called the main board or the
system board.
- it is where the processor, add – in
cards, and memory chips are located.
2. CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
- one of the most important parts of the
computer.
- it is also known as a microprocessor and
acts as the brain of the computer.
- almost all the functions of a computer
pass through the CPU including control of the
whole computer system.
- it performs calculations, compares data,
and processes results.
3. EXPANSION SLOTS
- are located on the motherboard and this is where
expansion cards are inserted.
- depending on your computer, there are several
types of slots available. These are the PCI or
Peripheral Connect Interface slot, PCI-Express, and
Advanced Graphic Port or AGP.
- the video card is usually inserted in a special slot
which is dedicated for this purpose. It may be a PCI-
Express or AGP slot depending on your
motherboard
4. VIDEO CARD
- It is an adapter card used to process
and display information for the monitor.
- there are many types of video cards
available
- depending on your requirements,
you have to choose the appropriate card
for your needs.
5. POWER SUPPLY UNIT(PSU)

- a special type of power
transformer.
- it converts the standard voltage of
your ordinary outlet into either 5 or 12
volt DC for the various parts of your
computer like the hard disk drives,
CD-ROM drivers, motherboard, fans,
etc.
MAJOR HARDWARE
OUTPUT DEVICES
- any piece of computer hardware that has a function of
displaying the results after the computer has processed the
input data that has been entered.
OUTPUT DEVICES
a. MONITOR
- it is like a television or cathode ray
tube(CRT) that displays data from the computer.
-there are newer types of display devices like
the liquid crystal display or LCD and light
emitting diode or LED which is also becoming
popular.
-LCD and LED monitors are flat and take up
less space than a conventional CRT monitor.
OUTPUT DEVICES
b. LCD PROJECTOR
- it displays the image on a wall-sized
screen.
- it is best for giving lectures to a big crowd
so that everybody can see the presentation
properly.
OUTPUT DEVICES
c. SMART BOARD
- it is similar to a touch screen.
- it display screen is a touch-sensitive
transparent panel
OUTPUT DEVICES
d. PRINTER
- it is a device that prints images or pictures
created on the computer on paper.
- the printed output from the printer is
called a HARDCOPY.
- there are different types of printers: ink-
jet, laser, dot matrix, and thermal printers.
OUTPUT DEVICES
e. SPEAKERS
- it produces the sound generated by your
computer.
- your computer needs a sound card to be
able to process audio but most motherboards
have this capability built – in.
MAJOR HARDWARE
STORAGE DEVICES
- there are two types of storage devices: primary or main
storage device, such as RAM, and a secondary storage device,
like the hard drive.
STORAGE DEVICES
a. PRIMARY OR MAIN MEMORY

- this is the internal storage that holds data and instructions
that the computer follows to perform commands.
- this is where all the important commands and instructions
are placed.
PRIMARY OR MAIN MEMORY
RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

- this is one of the key items that
influence the allover performance of the
computer.
- located on the motherboard in RAM
modules which are inserted in special
slots.
- acts as a repository for data that can be
directly accessed by the CPU.
RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
- the operating system, programs, and data
in current use are temporarily stored here for
faster access since RAM is always faster than
a hard disk drive in terms of read and write
performance.
- information in RAM however is not
permanent.
- all the information stored in RAM will be
erased when you turn the computer off.
ROM(READ-ONLY MEMORY)
- it is also known as non-volatile
memory.
- is programmed with software called
Basic Input / Output System or BIOS.
ROM(READ-ONLY MEMORY)
- when you turn on your computer, the
BIOS ensures that your hardware
operates properly with each other and
prepares your computer to load the
operating system or Windows.
- the information stored in ROM will
not be changed or erased when you turn
off the computer.
STORAGE DEVICES
b. SECONDARY MEMORY
- this is also known as CACHE MEMORY.
- it is small but very fast and acts as a buffer from which
instructions and data from your hard disk or main memory are
stored for quicker access by your CPU
STORAGE DEVICES
HARD DISK DRIVE(HDD)

- acts like a giant floppy disk inside
the system unit.
- its storage capacity is much bigger
than a floppy disk.
- this is where the operating system,
application software, and saved files are
stored and can be accessed in the future.
STORAGE DEVICES
OPTICAL DISK
- this is similar to the music CDs
that you can buy in music stores but
instead of containing audio tracks, it
contains data.
STORAGE DEVICES
Compact Disk
- use a compact disk drive that uses a
laser beam to read tiny holes in the
compact disk media which the drive
translates into digital data.
- come in two types known as a Examples:
rewritable and non-rewritable disk. Compact Disc(CD)
Digital Versatile Disc(DVD)
- it is small and very light and
Blu-ray Disc(BD)
relatively easy to store.
STORAGE DEVICES
MEMORY CARD/FLASH MEMORY

- this is simply known as a USB drive
or USB stick.
- it serves as a data storage device that
includes flash memory with an
integrated USB interface that is
removable and rewritable.
- it uses non-volatile memory chips to
store data.
STORAGE DEVICES
EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE

- is a portable storage device that has
high storage capacity and can be used
as a backup of the files saved on the
computer.
- this can be attached to a computer
through a USB, Firewire connection,
or wireless.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
- is a program which consists of a set of instructions that
guides the computer hardware to operate effectively.
- there are two main types of software: system software and
application software.
TYPE OF SOFTWARE
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
- this controls the program inside your computer.
- it includes the operating system and utility software.
- the best example of system software is the operating
system.
- common operating systems include Windows, the
Macintosh OS, OS/2, and Linux.
TYPE OF SOFTWARE
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
TYPE OF SOFTWARE
2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
- is simply called APP
- it is a program that is used to perform special tasks like
writing letters, drawing or painting, keeping records, etc.
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
a. WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE

- enables creation of documents such as letters, reports,
manuals, certificates, newsletters, calendars, and specialized
documents such as web pages.
Examples:
WordPerfert, Notepd, WordPad, and MS WOrd
b. SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE
- used whenever you need to perform calculations such as
grading sheets, income taxes, etc.
- spreadsheet programs have built-in functions that will
enable you to perform calculations easily.
Examples:
MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.
c. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE
- is used to create professional–looking presentations that
can handle text, drawings, pictures, sound, video, etc.
- it is popularly used for presenting reports, instead of visual
aids.
Examples:
MS PowerPoint, Corel Presentation
d. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

- used in keeping and organizing large amounts of
information or records in banks, schools, and most companies.
Examples:
MS Access, dBase, FoxPro, Oracle
e. GRAPHIC SOFTWARE
- is a program that will allow you to create, scan, and edit images
on your computer.
- this uses extension names like bmp, gif, and jpeg.
Examples:
MS Paint, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo-
Paint, CorelDRAW, Adobe Illustrator, Microsoft Visio, Adobe
FreeHand, Dreamweaver, Macromedia Flash 8, Harvard Graphics,
3D Studio max
f. MULTIMEDIA
- is a program that will allow you to present data in more
than one medium, such as combining text, graphics, animation,
audio, and video.
Examples:
Adobe Flash, Adobe Shockwave, Discreet, PowerDirector
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM(OS)
- is an important program that manages computer hardware
and software resources, and provides common services for
computer programs.
PEOPLEWARE
PEOPLEWARE
- refers to the people who are involved in the development or
use of computer software and hardware systems.
ACTIVITY GROUP 1
1. Open your web browser.

2. Open MS PowerPoint. Choose any available template.
3. Prepare the content of your presentation.
a. Different types of Operating System
b. Various Windows Version
c. OS vs. Application Software
ACTIVITY GROUP 2(MICROSOFT WINDOWS)

a. History
b. Versions
c. What are the features?
d. What are the advantages and disadvantaged?
e. State examples
ACTIVITY GROUP 2(MICROSOFT WINDOWS)

a. History
b. Versions
e. State examples
ACTIVITY GROUP 3(WINDOWS 11)

a. History
b. Versions
e. State examples
ACTIVITY GROUP 4(macOS)

a. History
b. Versions
e. State examples
ACTIVITY GROUP 5(LINUX)

a. History
b. Versions
e. State examples
ACTIVITY 3
Scenario: Your parents are planning to buy a laptop desktop computer. They
only have a budget of Php. 30, 000. You were asked to help them decide
what hardware and software specifications they should consider when
buying. To gather information and prices, you can do any of the following:
• Visit a computer shop to check specifications and canvass price
• Visit a website that sells computers
• Ask a professional technician
Using MS Excel, create a table that will represent a list of choices with
prices comparison and specifications that your parent can choose from.
Remember that your parents want to have the best deal.
ACTIVITY 3
Example:

Computer System

Uploaded by

Computer System

Uploaded by

COMPUTER SYSTEM

• It consist of hardware components along with peripheral

c. VOICE – INPUT DEVICE

1. Open the internet browser.

5. POWER SUPPLY UNIT(PSU)

a. PRIMARY OR MAIN MEMORY

RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

HARD DISK DRIVE(HDD)

MEMORY CARD/FLASH MEMORY

EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE

a. WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE

d. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

1. Open your web browser.

1. Open your web browser.

1. Open your web browser.

1. Open your web browser.

1. Open your web browser.

1. Open your web browser.

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