Installing and Configuring

Systems
 Learning Objectives
• Fundmentals of Computer
• Learn to Assemble Computer Hardware
• Preparing Installer
• Install OS and Device Drivers
• Install Application
• Conduct Test and Documents
 Types of Computer
• A computer is defined as a machine that can be programmed to manipulate
symbols. Its principal characteristics are:
– It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
– It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
– It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:

Personal computer - A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.

Example: desktop computer, Laptop, smartphones, tablet netbooks, PDA’s
Workstation - A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal
computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and, in general, a higher-quality
monitor.

Minicomputer - A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users

simultaneously.
Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.

Supercomputer - An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of

instructions per second.
 Basic Computer Operations
• A computer performs basically five major operations or functions irrespective of their
size and make.

1. Input - the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system.
2. Storage - The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as
storage.
3. Process - The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is
called processing.
4. Output - is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful
information.
5. Control - Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed
by control unit.
 Parts of a Computer
HARDWARE - Refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a computer
system. Hardware components are further divided into three groups namely
• Input Devices
• Output devices
• System Unit

INPUT DEVICES - Performs the two most basic computing tasks: issuing commands and
entering data. Common input devices are the following:

Keyboard – is a standard input device of most computers

 Ps/2
 Usb
 Wireless
Mouse – is a hand-clicked device used for pointing.
 Ps/2
 Usb
 Wireless

Optical mouse –is a computer mouse which uses a light source

Joystick – is an input device which is commonly used for computer games
Webcam - a video camera that inputs to a computer connected to the Internet, so that its
images can be viewed by Internet users.
Scanner - A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
OUTPUT DEVICES - After processing the data fed into computer with the use of
input devices, the information must now be outputted in a form understood by
human beings. Output devices are classified according to the output they can
produce. An output which you can hold in your hand is called hard copy. Output
types such as audio and video are referred to as soft copy. The following are
output devices used.

Printer - an output device that produces text and graphics on paper

Video Monitors – The monitor, or display is used to provide soft copy output.
Video monitors are either monochrome or colored

• CRT
• LCD
• LED
Speakers- play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card.
Casing/CPU case - A computer case (also known as a computer chassis, cabinet,
box, tower, enclosure, housing or simply case) is the enclosure that contains the
main components of a computer.
UPS (uninterruptable power supply) - known as a battery back-up, provides
emergency power
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) - A device that regulates the amount of
voltage needed for a certain device to function well
 Parts of System Unit
• SYSTEM UNIT - The system unit is the part of the computer which is
responsible for accepting and processing the data brought in by the input
devices. It also responsible for passing the resulting information to the users via
the output devices.
• The Main Circuit Board - Also called the "system board," is the main printed
circuit board in an electronic device, which contains sockets that accept
additional boards. In a personal computer, the motherboard contains the bus,
CPU and coprocessor sockets, memory sockets, keyboard controller and
supporting chips.
 Motherboard
What does it do?
• The primary purpose of the motherboard is to allow other components to
communicate to each other via the motherboard. It houses all the components
and turns it into one "unit".
CPU Socket
• is the connector on the motherboard that houses a cpu and forms the electrical
interface and contact with the CPU
Heat sink - component with fins that cools processor
Random access memory (RAM)
• Memory chips that can be read form and written to by processor. Also called main
memory or primary storage. Most RAM is volatile. It is lost when the computers power
is turn off
Read - only memory (ROM)
• Memory chips that store permanent data and instructions. Nonvolatile memory, i is no
t lost when computer’s power is turned off.
BIOS CHIP Basic Input and Output System
• Short for Basic Input/Output System, the BIOS(pronounced bye-oss) is a
ROM chip found on motherboards that allows you to access and set up your
computer system at the most basic level.
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS)
• Stores date, time, and computer startup information. Maintained by a small battery
after you turn the computer off.
 PCI/Expansion slot
• An opening, or socket, on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card
Port - connects external devices to system unit
Connector- joins cable to peripheral
Northbridge chipset
• is an integrated circuit responsible for communications between the CPU
interface, AGP and in the memory
Southbridge chipset
• is an IC on the motherboard responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O
controller and integrated hardware. Integrated hardware can include the sound
card and video card if on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, IDE, BIOS, and
Ethernet.
AGP slot
• is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer
system, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. It was
originally designed as a successor to PCI-type connections for video cards.
RAM socket or slot
• is commonly refers to the slot in a motherboard were the extended memory
modules are installed.
SATA controller
• Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is a computer bus primarily designed
for transfer of data between a computer and storage devices (like hard disk
drives or optical drives).
IDE controller
• Integrated Drive Electronics, Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard
for the connection of storage devices such as hard disks, solid-state drives,
and CD-ROM drives in computers. It uses the underlying AT Attachment
and AT Attachment Packet Interface (ATA/ATAPI) standards
FDD controller
• Floppy Disk Drive, an onboard floppy drive controller which make your
Floppy Disk Drive operational.
Jumper
• A metal bridge that closes an electrical circuit. Typically, a jumper consists
of a plastic plug that fits over a pair of protruding pins.
System panel connector
• This connector accommodates several front panel functions
 Power Switch
 Reset Switch
 Power led
 HDD led
ATX Power Connector Socket
• A socket for the ATX Power Supply Cable Connector

USB header
• Are groups of pins on a motherboard, into which one can plug a special cable to
provide USB ports on a computer chassis.
PCI-express
• Is an I/O interconnecting bus standard that expands on and doubles the data transfer
rates of original PCI.
Back panel
• is the portion of the motherboard that allows you to connect external devices such as
your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse.
 Schematic Diagram
• is more of a logical organization of how the various parts are connected rather than
where they are physically located on the sheet of plastic. The connections between
these components are referred to as buses. So there is a CPU bus, a memory bus.
 Schematic Diagram
Bus
• is responsible for transporting electronic signals from place to place or specific
predefined routes.
 Expansion & Memory Slots
• is a receptacle inside a computer or other electronic system that accepts
printed circuit boards.

Memory slots
 Microprocessor
• an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a
computer
• A microprocessor, sometimes called a logic chip, is a computer processor on
a microchip.
• The microprocessor contains all, or most of, the central processing unit (CPU)
functions and is the "engine" that goes into motion when you turn your computer on.
A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make
use of small number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor
operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and fetching
numbers from one area to another. These operations are the result of a set
of instructions that are part of the microprocessor design.
PGA – Pin Grid Array
• A feature of a CPU socket whereby the pins are aligned in uniform rows around the
socket. The pins on the underside of the processor are inserted into the socket,

socket

• LGA Land Grid Array

• is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for
having the pins on the socket(when a socket is used) rather than the integrated
circuit.[1] An LGA can be electrically connected to a printed circuit board (PCB) either
by the use of a socket or by soldering directly to the board.

socket
Sockets
Sockets
 Memory
• is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently. For
example, Random Access Memory (RAM), is a volatile memory that stores
information on an integrated circuit used by the operating system, software, and
hardware.
What is the function of a memory?
• THE ROLE OF MEMORY IN THE COMPUTER. ... A computer uses RAM to hold
temporary instructions and data needed to complete tasks. This enables the
computer's CPU (Central Processing Unit), to access instructions and data stored in
memory very quickly.

Primary Memory
- is directly connected to the central processing unit of the computer, primary storage is
also volatile, they lose the information when not powered.

Secondary Memory
- also known as external memory or auxiliary storage, The computer usually uses its
input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using
intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the
device is powered down—it is non-volatile.
 Memory
- Optical disc storage is non-volatile and sequential access.

The following forms are currently in common use:

 CD, CD-ROM, DVD: Read only storage, used for mass distribution of digital
information (music, video, computer programs)

 CD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R: Write once storage, used for tertiary and off-line storage

 CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM: Slow write, fast read storage, used for
tertiary and off-line storage
 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
Most Common DRAM used in PC’s are:

Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)

1. Single Data Rate (SDR)

2. Double data rate (DDR)

Different Types of RAM
Desktop Ram Laptop Ram
RAM Specification
 HARD DISK DRIVE
• a hard drive or hard disk drive is used to store operating system, software and
data, non volatile storage disk size is currently measured in gigabytes and
terabytes
 Hard Disk Drive
IDE- (Intelligent Drive Electronics or Integrated Drive Electronics)
 Hard Disk Drive
SATA – (Serial Advance Technology Attachment)
Hard Disk Drive Capacity
 Expansion cards
An expansion card is an electronic card/board that is used to add extra
functionality to a computer. It is inserted into an expansion slot on the
motherboard of a computer. Expansion cards contain edge connectors that
are used to create an electronic link between motherboard and card, thus
enabling these two to communicate.
 Video Card
video card - connects to the motherboard of a computer system and generates
output images to display. Video cards are also referred to as graphics cards.
 Video Card
VGA
• A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15 connector. The
15-pin VGA connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors, and some
high definition television sets. On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini-
VGA port is sometimes used in place of the full-sized VGA connector.

DVI
• Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to provide very
high visual quality on digital display devices such as flat panelLCDcomputer displays
and digital projectors.
 Sound Card
A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that
provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control
of computer programs.

• The terms audio card, audio adapter, and sound adapter are sometimes
used in place of sound card.
 Ethernet Card
• Network Interface Card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card
and network adapter. It is an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to
a network; such as a home network, or the Internet using an Ethernet cable with an
RJ-45 connector.
 Optical Disk Drive
• an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic
waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or
from optical discs.
• ODD are sometimes called burners or writers.
 CMOS Battery
• Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
• provides power to the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chip,
even while the computer is turned off. This chip contains information about the
system configuration (e.g., hard disk type, floppy drive types, date and time, and the
order in which the computer will look for bootable disks). The CMOS battery allows
the CMOS to preserve these settings.
 Jumper
• A metal bridge that closes an electrical circuit. Typically, a jumper consists of a
plastic plug that fits over a pair of protruding pins. Jumpers are sometimes used to
configure expansion boards. By placing a jumper plug over a different set of pins, you
can change a board's parameters
 Power Supply Unit
• The power supply supplies the electrical power for a computer. It supplies power to
the motherboard, drives, and certain expansion cards.
Power Supply Unit
Power Supply Unit
Power Supply Unit