Topic 6 - Excretory System 2021
Topic 6 - Excretory System 2021
Topic 6 - Excretory System 2021
There are many chemical reactions taking place in the body that
produce by-products, some of which are able to be used by the
body, while others are wastes.
Most wastes are toxic and would be harmful if allowed to
accumulate .
Excretion: The removal of metabolic wastes from the body
Removing wastes also allows the body to maintain equilibrium
within the body (this is called Homeostasis)
STRUCTURES OF EXCRETION
Kidneys:
Filter blood to maintain a constant concentration of materials
in the body fluids
Excrete/remove nitrogenous wastes like urea, uric acid &
creatinine
Liver: Deamination & synthesis of urea
Lungs: Removal of CO2
Skin: Sweat glands secrete sweat (contains salts, urea & lactic
acid)
Alimentary canal: Passes out bile pigments
ORGANS OF EXCRETION
LIVER
ORGANS OF EXCRETION:
THE LIVER
FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
Deamination
Blood glucose regulation
Fat conversion
Bile formation
Plasma protein production
Production of blood-clotting factors
Storage
Toxin and hormone breakdown
Heat production
FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
Structure Function
Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tubule
• Proximal Convoluted Tubule Winding convoluted section leading away from the glomerulus
• Distal Convoluted Tubule Winding convoluted section leading to the Collecting Duct
• Collecting Duct Several convoluted tubules from different nephrons join here. This opens
into a chamber called renal pelvis
Distal convolute Common
Glomerular capsule tubule (DCT) collecting duct
Proximal convolute
tubule
(PCT)
Loop of Henle
See diagrams on page 173/4 of Human Perspective text for more detail.
BLOOD SUPPLY
Water
Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty Acids
Urea
Uric Acid
Creatanine
Hormones
Toxins
Salts
Ions
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Water
Water, Glucose, Urine
Amino acids, Salts - Water
Vitamins, Salts (mainly - Urea
(mainly sodium & sodium & - Salts
chlorine) chlorine)
TUBULAR SECRETION
H+
K+
NH4+ (ammonium)
Creatinine
Toxins
Drugs
SUMMARY OF KIDNEY
PROCESSES
SUMMARY OF KIDNEY PROCESSES
Kidney stones
Kidney failure
Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Haemodialysis
Liver disease
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/887404
DO: QUESTIONS IN THE TEXT