Personal Finance - Introduction Ver 0.4
Personal Finance - Introduction Ver 0.4
Personal Finance - Introduction Ver 0.4
Compiled by [email protected]
Disclaimer
I am NOT a certified financial planner and make no claim that content of the presentation is 100% correct
Contents in this presentation are part of the my learnings on my journey to financial freedom. Hence the information in the
presentation could be incomplete in many aspects. Information shared in the presentation is for educational awareness only
Do not construe presentation’s contents as investment advice
Objective of presentation is to nudge people towards taking more active interest in their financial well being
Some of the material used in this presentation (images/lines of text, ideas etc.) are borrowed from other websites/sources
(under fair use policy for educational purpose). To the best of my knowledge, I have mentioned source of the same on
respective slides
Personal Finance is highly “personal” for each individual hence there is no single “right way” of doing it. You have you find
what plan works best for your needs
If you find any mistakes or misrepresentation of facts in the presentation or have suggestions for improvement, please drop a
email to [email protected]
If you do not understand personal finance management, it is strongly advised that you take help of good,
professional SEBI registered and certified “fee only” financial planners
If you do not now where you want to go it doesn't matter which road you take! Please
take time to think and write down your life goals!
Future cost of = Present cost of meeting that goal today * (1 + Rate of Inflation)^ Time
goal (Target Corpus)
Do not assume a standard rate of inflation for all your goals as inflation is different for different categories
Do not believe inflation numbers reported by Govt. They are at all India level and only factor specific categories which
does not truly reflect inflation faced by individuals in real life
As of creating this presentation (subject to change in future) following were suggested thumb rules for inflation values:
Retirement goal: minimum 6%
Education goal: minimum 10%
Life style goal: minimum 10-15% (depending on your life style)
Other goals: You can also do a bit of research and use the rate at which you think prices will increase
You can use “Future Value” Function in excel to calculate Target Corpus for each goal
Use PMT Function in excel to calculate monthly investment amount for your goal:
https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/calculate-the-amount-you-need-to-save-periodically-to-reach-a-goal-
1566929654982.html
Other good to know formulae:
https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/money-today/investment/top-10-financial-calculations/story/231893.html
Buy house Need 3 2027 Medium term 20 L for down 28 L 50% debt Debt: 13453
payment 50% equity Equity: 11996
Buy Car Need 1 2023 Short term 2 L for down 2.38 L 100% debt 5906
payment
Total
For any corrections, modifications, improvements please write to
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20
Step 2: Wrap up
1) Step 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d while being logical and simple are not going to be easy
2) “Target corpus” values for long term goals can be really unnerving when you calculate their value for the first time .
This is perfectly normal so do not lose your sleep on this right now
3) It will require your time and attention and multiple attempts before you come up with a reasonable plan that suits you. It is
perfectly normal to take 4-5 iterations to arrive at a realistic plan
4) If you are married please involve your souse in the exercise
5) Please make realistic assumptions on inflation when calculating future cost of the goal. Inflation rate is different for different
things for e.g. for food 6% inflation is alright but for education inflation rate is 10%+ . For life style related goals inflation could
be even higher at 15%+
6) Realisation of your current financial situation and the fact that some of the aspirational life goals may remain on paper is some
times heart breaking/depressing or can be motivating to push you towards finding additional sources of income (depending on
your thought process)
7) Depending on your life stage and existing investments you have already made you will have to map them and reconcile to the
plan to get an idea of where do you stand right now and whether you need more investments in some of the goals
Excellent articles on goal based financial planning, how to identify, document, categorize, prioritize and plan financial goals:
https://stableinvestor.com/2017/05/financial-goals.html
https://stableinvestor.com/2017/01/financial-planning-goal-based-investing.html
https://proactiveadvisormagazine.com/goals-based-investing/
1 Debt Bank Fixed Deposit, Company Fixed Deposits, NCDs, Senior Citizen Saving
Schemes,EPF, VPF, PPF, Gilts, RBI bonds etc.
Overnight Funds, Liquid Funds, Ultra Short Term Funds, Money Market Instruments,
Dynamic Bond Fund, Credit Risk Funds, Fixed Maturity Plans (FMP) etc.
2 Equity Direct equity, Mutual Funds, ELSS, Arbitrage Funds, ETFs etc.
Within MFs plethora of ever evolving and many times confusing options – Large cap,
Mid cap, Small cap, Multi cap, Flexi cap, Balanced funds, Sectoral Funds, etc.
3 Gold Physical Gold, SGB, Gold ETF, Digital Gold etc.
5 Alternate Investment Funds REITs, Infra ITs, Private Equity (PE), Hedge Funds etc.
** This is just a snapshot of the available options. Please do your own study on complete list of options.
For any corrections, modifications, improvements please write to
Ver 0.4 [email protected]
22
Selecting Asset Class - Guidelines
1) Your choice of asset class and the corresponding product has to be driven primarily by your Goals. Each investment has to be guided by and
linked to your respective goals
2) DO NOT INVEST IN ANY ASSET CLASS PRODUCT YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND. AVOID COMPLEX PRODUCTS
3) DO NOT BELIEVE SALES PITCH OF SALES MAN. PLEASE DO YOUR OWN DUE DILIGENCE BEFORE YOU COMMIT YOUR HARD EARNED
MONEY!!
4) No Investment is free of risk (including Govt bonds and Fixed deposits).
5) In chasing higher returns, you set yourself up for higher risks!
6) General purpose asset and product selection guidelines (in that order):
Goal horizon (short term/medium term/long term)
Likely future “rate of return” of each asset class
Amount of risk you are willing to take with your investment
Ease of Liquidity of the investment at time of your goal fulfilment
Taxation on that product
7) All things being equal, applicable taxation should be one of the last criteria in evaluating competing products , not the first one!!
8) Please understand that Tax can be applied or exempted at 3 levels:
When you invest the money
The periodic returns you earn on your money (for e.g. interest, dividend, rent income etc.)
When you encash the investment (in the form of capital gains)
9) Please understand all these aspects before you make decision. Return rate in your calculation should be post tax returns
Source: https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/sensex-s-roller-coaster-history-from-100-to-39-000-1554225243494.html
Long term equity market always goes up and hence is the best investment. Let me to put all my
money in equities !!!
For any corrections, modifications, improvements please write to
Ver 0.4 [email protected]
24
Investing in Equity – a tale of two graphs (2/2)
Source: https://www.fundsindia.com/blog/mf-research/what-will-happen-to-markets-your-maths-teacher-has-the-answer/18213/attachment/sensex-thru-history
Returns from equity market are unpredictable in short run. They can continue to give low or negative returns for
extended period of time And f your goal target date falls during this phase you can loose up to 50% of your target
corpus value during market crash and hence will have to compromise on your goal!!! This is known as “Sequence
Risk”
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Months
Investments will rarely follow the target line due to variety of factors (change in interest rate, market performance of equity
etc.).
Only solution available to overcome this problem is periodic monitoring and rebalancing as required
90%
80%
70%
60%
50% Equity
Debt
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
As we progress towards our goal, we should start reducing exposure of the investment in volatile asset classes like equity
Periodically moving small portion of investment to debt through “rebalancing” and changing our investment asset allocation mix is
important as we progress to our goal
This is critical if we want to guarantee the target corpus money on the date of fulfilment of the goal
https://primeinvestor.in/how-to-rebalance-your-portfolio/
https://freefincal.com/how-suhas-tracks-his-mf-investments-and-reviews-financial-goals/
Most of us “focus” on estimating “returns” when making our investment decisions, which
ironically is out of our control!!!
What we should be focusing on instead is “how much we can invest” and for “how long we
can stay invested”
Source: https://www.moneyworks4me.com/investmentshastra/how-the-magic-of-compounding-works/
Emergency Fund is not just for “job loss” scenario but also range of other unforeseen
circumstances like accident or sudden loss of loved one, health emergency, times of social
unrest or government induced problems, bank going under etc.
Source: https://goldprice.org/30-year-gold-price-history.html
Even though Gold s a global commodity and considered as hedge against inflation, returns from Gold in USA (left
chart) have been far lower than returns from Gold in India. One of the big reasons for this is the devaluation of
Indian currency against USD
https://www.cnbctv18.com/personal-finance/plr-base-rate-mclr-and-now-rllr-repo-rate-linked-lending-rate-3722521.htm
For any corrections, modifications, improvements please write to
Ver 0.4 [email protected]
43
Home Loans (2 of 3)
1) If you can afford higher EMI, please opt for a lower loan tenure right at the start. Bank will always push for longer loan
tenures as it helps them earn significantly higher interest income from you
2) Many well educated people in India have no idea of what their interest rate is or how much actual tax savings they are
getting from home loan. They routinely make statements that am saving tax on home loans....yes but how much??
3) Principal outstanding payment tax benefit is counted within 1.5 L bucket of 80C (which also has your PF, Insurance
PPF/ELSS and many more)...so you are hardly saving tax on that! And tax relief on interest paid is limited to 2L /
year... .With high value home loans of 50L- 1Cr the interest paid in initial years is so high that these 2 L exemption can
look insignificant (unless you have joint loan) !!!
4) Don't fall for pre EMI start directly with EMI
5) Periodically keep checking & comparing your existing home loan rate with rates being offered n the market. F there s
difference bigger than 0.5 %, please investigate if you want to negotiate better rate with your existing home loan provider
or shift to a competitor This will require some calculation and due diligence on your part. Most existing home loan
providers now allow for periodic Interest rate reset if you pay a small fee. Negotiate shamelessly on the money they
ask you to pay for interest rate reset.
You may have made great investments and wealth but if that is not accessible
to your loved ones when they need it, it is of no use!
You may have made great investments and wealth but if that is not accessible to your loved ones when
they need it, its worthless. So please take this seriously!!
To Be Updated
To Be Updated