Psychological Research
Psychological Research
Psychological Research
RESEARCH
Scientific Method
A systematic analysis of
horoscopes in the Australian Even seemingly-dull sources can be informative. A content
Brisbane Sun revealed themes analysis of obituaries of male and female managers in major
similar to those found 15 years newspapers in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland showed that
earlier in the Los Angeles Times: different terminology was used to describe men and women
Helplessness, Dependency, and after death. Men were more likely to be described as expert and
Blind Obedience to Authority. knowledgeable in their fields. Women were more often
described as skilled in interpersonal relations.
Svensen, S., & White, K. (1995). A content analysis
of horoscopes. Genetic, Social, & General Kirchler, E. (1992). Adorable women, expert men: Changing gender images of women and men
Psychology Monographs, 121(1), 5-38 in management. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 363-373.
Naturalistic Observation
A researcher interested in observing how many people come to a full and complete
child development receives stop at stop signs. The setup for this observation is
permission to observe fifth- simple enough; a researcher observes how long people
grade students through a stop at a stop sign. The researcher tests under two
one-way mirror during class conditions. Half the time, the researcher stands on an
time adjacent corner and is clearly taking notes, while the rest
of the time the researcher is relatively hidden in a nearby
building or vehicle.
Survey Research
A survey is a method of collecting information directly from people about their ideas, feelings,
health, plans, beliefs, social background, educational level, and financial history.
A survey can be a self-administered questionnaire or a survey can be an interview that is done
in person or on the telephone. Some surveys are on paper or disk and the respondent can
complete them privately at home or in a central location.
Rise of violence in
Relationship between Relationship between
society along with the
goof-off hours and study hours and CGPA
rise of violent
CGPA
entertainment
Correlational Research
Correlations vary in direction:
Positive association: increases in the
value of variable 1 are associated
with increases in the value of variable
2
Negative association: increases in
the value of variable 1 are associated
with decreases in the value of
variable 2
No relation: values of variable 1 are
not related to variable 2 values
Experimental Research
Involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable.
The only research method that can be used to determine cause and effect
Components of an Experiment
Experimental group
Receives treatment
Control group
Does not receive treatment, but is the same in every other way
Independent Variable
Cause (what you are studying)
This is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent Variable
Effect (result of experiment)
This is the variable that is measured by the experimenter
Random assignment or participants: A procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups or
“conditions” on the basisof chance and chance alone.
Quasi Experimental Design