Newton's Laws of Motion Finalppt 0914
Newton's Laws of Motion Finalppt 0914
Newton's Laws of Motion Finalppt 0914
If the forces on an object are equal and opposite, they are said
to be balanced, and the object experiences no change in
motion. If they are not equal and opposite, then the forces
are unbalanced and the motion of the object changes.
Newton’s First Law is also called
the Law of Inertia
Inertia: the tendency of an object to
resist changes in its state of motion
The First Law states that all objects
have inertia. The more mass an
object has, the more inertia it has
(and the harder it is to change its
motion).
Therefore, inertia depends on mass.
The Relationship between Mass &
Inertia
The amount of inertia that an object has
is dependent on the object’s mass. The
more mass an object has the more
inertia it has.
Mass & Inertia
If an object has a large amount of
inertia (due to a large mass)
1.It will be hard to slow it down or
speed it up of it is moving.
2.It will be hard to make it start moving
if it is at rest.
3.It will be hard to make it change
direction.
INERTIA DOES NOT DEPEND ON
GRAVITY
• Unless acted
upon by an
unbalanced
force, this golf
ball would sit on
the tee forever.
1 Law Continued
st
• Once airborne,
unless acted on
by an unbalanced
force (gravity and
air – fluid
friction), it would
never stop!
If objects in motion tend to stay in
motion, why don’t moving objects
keep moving forever?
Things don’t keep moving forever because
there’s almost always an unbalanced force
acting upon it.
p = mv
p
m v
Common units of
momentum: kg m/s
Momentum Defined
p = mv
p = momentum
vector
m = mass
v = velocity vector
• The momentum of an object is in the same direction
as its velocity.
• The more momentum a moving object has, the
harder it is to stop.
• Larger sledgehammer:
• Look Back and Check
– Does your answer make sense?
• The 3.0 kg hammer has more momentum than
the 4.0 kg one. This answer makes sense
because it is swung at a greater velocity.
Choose 2 out of the 4 Momentum
Problems to Calculate.
1. A golf ball travels at 16 m/s while a baseball
moves at 7 m/s. The mass of the golf ball is 0.045
kg and the mass of the baseball is 0.14 kg. Which
has a greater momentum?
2. What is the momentum of a bird with a mass of
0.018 kg flying at 15 m/s?
F = ma
Acceleration: a measurement of how quickly an
object is changing speed and direction
(velocity) per unit time.
2 LAW FORMULA
nd
Force equals
mass times
acceleration.
MORE MASS NEEDS MORE FORCE
FOR GREATER ACCELERATION
Newton’s Third Law
“Law of Action and Reaction”
“When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second one
exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude and opposite
in direction.”
.
3 Law
rd
Flying gracefully
through the air, birds
depend on Newton’s
third law of motion. As
the birds push down on
the air with their wings,
the air pushes their
wings up and gives
them lift.
• The size of the force on the air equals the size of the
force on the bird; the direction of the force on the air
(downwards) is opposite the direction of the force on
the bird (upwards).
• Action-reaction force pairs make it possible for birds
to fly.
Think about it . . .
What happens if you are standing on a
skateboard on a slippery floor and push against
a wall? You slide in the opposite direction
(away from the wall), because you pushed on
the wall but the wall pushed back on you
with equal and opposite force.