TUTORIAL 2

Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.9
SOLUTION:
• Define inertial axes for the system

• Determine the position, speed, and

acceleration of car A at t = 5 s
• Determine the position, speed, and
acceleration of car B at t = 5 s
Automobile A is traveling east at the • Using vectors (Eqs 11.31, 11.33, and
constant speed of 36 km/h. As 11.34) or a graphical approach, determine
automobile A crosses the the relative position, velocity, and
intersection shown, automobile B acceleration
starts from rest 35 m north of the
intersection and moves south with a
constant acceleration of 1.2 m/s2.
Determine the position, velocity, and
acceleration of B relative to A 5 s
after A crosses the intersection.
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.9
SOLUTION: • Define axes along the road

Given: vA=36 km/h, aA= 0, (xA)0 = 0

(vB)0= 0, aB= - 1.2 m/s2, (yA)0 = 35 m
Determine motion of Automobile A:

We have uniform motion for A so:

At t = 5 s

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.9
SOLUTION:

Determine motion of Automobile B:

We have uniform acceleration for B so:

At t = 5 s

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Concept Quiz
If you are sitting in train
B looking out the window,
it which direction does it
appear that train A is
moving?

a) 25o
c)

b) 25o d)

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.8
SOLUTION:
• Define your coordinate system

• Calculate the tangential velocity and

tangential acceleration
• Calculate the normal acceleration

A motorist is traveling on a curved • Determine overall acceleration magnitude

section of highway of radius 2500 ft after the brakes have been applied
at the speed of 60 mi/h. The motorist
suddenly applies the brakes, causing
the automobile to slow down at a
constant rate. Knowing that after 8 s
the speed has been reduced to 45
mi/h, determine the acceleration of
the automobile immediately after the
brakes have been applied.
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.8
SOLUTION: • Define your coordinate system
• Determine velocity and acceleration in
the tangential direction
et
en

• The deceleration constant, therefore

• Immediately after the brakes are

applied, the speed is still 88 ft/s

a  an2  at2  2.752  3.10 2

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
SOLUTION:
• Define your coordinate system
• Calculate the tangential velocity and
tangential acceleration

• Calculate the normal acceleration

• Determine overall acceleration

The tangential acceleration of the magnitude
centrifuge cab is given by
at  0.5 t (m/s 2 )
where t is in seconds and at is in
m/s2. If the centrifuge starts from
fest, determine the total acceleration
magnitude of the cab after 10
seconds.
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
Define your coordinate system
In the side view, the tangential
direction points into the “page”
en
Determine the tangential velocity
at  0.5 t
t
2 t
vt   0.5 t dt  0.25t  0.25t 2 Top View
0 0

vt  0.25 10   25 m/s

2

et m
Determine the normal acceleration en 8

 t  252
2
v
an   2
 78.125 m/s
r 8
Determine the total acceleration magnitude
amag  an2  at2  78.1252 + (0.5)(10) 
2
amag  78.285 m/s 2
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving

Notice that the normal

acceleration is much higher than
the tangential acceleration.
What would happen if, for a
given tangential velocity and
acceleration, the arm radius was
doubled?
a) The accelerations would remain the same
b) The an would increase and the at would decrease
c) The an and at would both increase
d) The an would decrease and the at would increase

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
SOLUTION:
• Evaluate time t for q = 30o.

• Evaluate radial and angular positions,

and first and second derivatives at
time t.
Rotation of the arm about O is defined • Calculate velocity and acceleration in
by q = 0.15t2 where q is in radians and t cylindrical coordinates.
in seconds. Collar B slides along the
arm such that r = 0.9 - 0.12t2 where r is • Evaluate acceleration with respect to
in meters. arm.

After the arm has rotated through 30o,

determine (a) the total velocity of the
collar, (b) the total acceleration of the
collar, and (c) the relative acceleration
of the collar with respect to the arm.
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
SOLUTION:
• Evaluate time t for q = 30o.
  0.15t 2
 30  0.524 rad t  1.869 s

• Evaluate radial and angular positions, and first

and second derivatives at time t.
r  0.9  0.12 t 2  0.481 m
r  0.24 t  0.449 m s
r  0.24 m s 2

  0.15 t 2  0.524 rad

  0.30 t  0.561rad s
  0.30 rad s 2

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
• Calculate velocity and acceleration.
vr  r  0.449 m s
v  r  0.481m 0.561rad s   0.270 m s
v
v  vr2  v2   tan 1 
vr
v  0.524 m s   31.0
ar  r  r 2
 0.240 m s 2  0.481m 0.561rad s 2
 0.391m s 2
a  r  2r
 
 0.481m  0.3 rad s 2  2 0.449 m s 0.561rad s 
 0.359 m s 2
a
a  ar2  a2   tan 1 
ar
a  0.531m s   42.6
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
• Evaluate acceleration with respect to arm.
Motion of collar with respect to arm is rectilinear
and defined by coordinate r.

a B OA  r  0.240 m s 2

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
SOLUTION:
• Define your coordinate system

• Calculate the angular velocity after

three revolutions
• Calculate the radial and transverse
accelerations
The angular acceleration of the • Determine overall acceleration
centrifuge arm varies according to magnitude

  0.05 (rad/s 2 )

where q is measured in radians. If the

centrifuge starts from rest, determine the
acceleration magnitude after the gondola
has travelled two full rotations.
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
Define your coordinate system
In the side view, the transverse er
direction points into the “page”
Determine the angular velocity
  0.05 (rad/s 2 )
Acceleration is a function 
d   d  Top View
of position, so use:
er

Evaluate the integral eq m

(2)(2 ) 
8

 0.05 d   d
0 0

2 2(2 )

0.05  2
  0.05 2(2 ) 
 2
 2

2 0
2 0

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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
Determine the angular velocity
 2  0.05 2(2 ) 
2
er
  2.8099 rad/s

Determine the angular acceleration

  0.05 = 0.05(2)(2 )  0.6283 rad/s 2
Find the radial and transverse accelerations


r  r
a   2
 
er  r  2r e 
2 
  0  (8)(2.8099)  er   (8)(0.6283)  0  e

 63.166 er  5.0265 e (m/s 2 )
Magnitude:
amag  ar2  a2  (63.166 ) 2 + 5.0265
2
amag  63.365 m/s 2
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Edition
Tenth Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
r
What would happen if you
designed the centrifuge so
that the arm could extend
from 6 to 10 meters?

You could now have additional acceleration terms. This might

give you more control over how quickly the acceleration of the
gondola changes (this is known as the G-onset rate).


a     
r  r er  r  2r e
2

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