20 Unit 2 Planning For Instruction

Instructional planning
 Instructional planning involves developing a systematic,

organized strategy for planning lessons. Planning will give
instructors confidence, guide content coverage, and help
make good use of class time.
 A teacher usually make three type of plans, They are:
 Year plan
 Unit plan
 Lesson plan
Year Plan
 Planning for the whole years work as part of the

pedagogic analysis is known as year plan.
Importance of year plan
 Helps in the allocation of the total time available for each subject, and for each unit
according to its importance.
 It provides a basis for the preparation of unit plan.
 It helps the teacher to formulate objectives to be attained by teaching a particular subject
in its totality during the course of the year.
 It helps to divide the subject into units and specify time for each , which in turn provides
a basis for timely and continuous evaluation.
 It helps in arranging the units according to the difficulty levels as well as logical
considerations and thus make learning psychologically and logically sound.
Continued…….
 With the help of year plan, the teacher can systematize the distribution of curriculum
material.
 The teacher can bring variety in teaching strategies by mingling various types of topics that
call for various types of learning experiences. They would reduce the monotony in
learning.
 Above all a well thought out plan can help in economizing time and effort of the teacher as
well as that of the learner.
Steps in year planning
 Formation of units
 Determining objectives
 Scheduling the time available for instruction

1. Formation of units
 It is the first step in year planning
 It is the process of organizing subject matter in the

curriculum into suitable units.
 This is to be done only when the subject matter is not

systematically and judiciously distributed and presented .
2. Determining objectives
 The teacher has to intelligently anticipate the extent to which the various
objectives can be achieved through different units.
 Some units give more scope for the development of skill than other objectives.
 Almost all the objectives are developed simultaneously in the teaching-learning
process, but different weightages.
 For example: In unit one Accounting- ‘meaning and basic accounting terms’-
the teacher has to give higher weightage to knowledge and understanding than
attitude and appreciation
3.Scheduling of the time available for instruction
 In this step estimate the total number of periods that could be made
available for the subject.
 Teacher should consider the probability of missing periods due to
various co-curricular activities and other unexpected loss of days.
 Or the teacher can integrate all activities along with the unit
distribution.
 Consider time for unit tests also in the plan.
Unit Plan
 The plan for the instruction of a unit is called unit plan
 It is a challenging task to be performed by a teacher as part of pedagogic analysis
 A well developed unit plan will give the teacher a meaningful gestalt of the unit and
would enable him to handle it in a systematic manner.
 Teacher should select the units as per year plan.
 All aspects such as objectives, content analysis, major learning experiences, instructional
strategies and aids, evolutional procedures etc. regarding the unit plan are to be
thoroughly analysed and systematically recorded in the unit plan.
 Provisions suggested in the year plan for the unit also should be taken care of.
Importance of unit plan
 1. It helps in the proper coverage of the syllabus within the available time
and duration of the session.
 2. Unit represents the unified and integrated wholes of the meaningful and
purposeful content material
 and learning experiences.
 3. In unit planning a teacher is well informed about the types of method
and strategies to be used and
 material and resources utilize for the teaching learning of various sub
units.
 4. Unit planning helps in the proper organization and systemization of the
teaching learning process.
Continued…..
 5. A teacher has prior knowledge of the task and the activities to be
executed for the teaching and
 learning of the units and subunits.
 6. Unit planning has a proper provision for their reviews, recapitulation,
practice and drill work related
 to the contents & learning experiences from the sub units.
 7. Unit planning paves the way for a proper and appropriate daily lesson
planning. A teacher feels quite
 8. easy in the task of his daily lesson planning in view of the blue print
provided by unit planning.
Demerits & Limitations of Unit Planning:
 1.The division of the content of the syllabus into meaningful and
complete units and sub-units is not an easy task.
 2. The improper & faulty formation of the units & sub-units may
create hurdles in the path of the teacher and students for the proper
teaching learning of the subject.
 3. Unit planning restricts the freedom of the teachers the pre-
determined objectives, learning experiences, methods and resources,
evaluation procedures etc. because classroom situations and
Continued…
 4. circumstances cannot be same for every class.
 5. The teachers and students have no other way than to follow the
guidelines provided by the unit planning.
 4. Unit planning may make the teachers too much conscious for the
implementation of the planned scheme as the planning becomes a
tedious work throughout the session.
Principles of unit planning
 Principle of comprehensiveness
 Principle of clarity
 Principle of systematic presentation
 Principle of economy in time.

Steps in unit planning
 Selection and systematization of unit
 Content analysis
 Determination of objectives
 Learning experiences/learning activities/learning strategies
 Selection of teaching/learning aids
 Evaluation
 Assignment
Lesson plan
 A proper planning of the lesson is the key to effective teaching.
 The teacher must know in advance the subject matter and the
mode of its delivery In the classroom
 This gives the teacher an idea of how to develop the key

concepts and how to correlate them to real-life situations and
how to conclude the lesson.
 Lesson planning is also essential because effective learning takes place
only if the subject matter is presented an integrated and correlated manner
and is related to the pupil's environment.
 Though lesson planning requires hard work it is rewarding too.
 It conceives a lesson as 'Plan of Action' implemented by the teacher in the

classroom
Meaning of Lesson Planning
 A lesson plan outlines in detail the various steps which the teacher proposes
to undertake in his/ her class. As such, a lesson plan concerns itself with the
teaching of one period.
 Planning for a lesson means identification of the sequence and style of
presentation and evaluation procedure to be adopted for classroom teaching
of a lesson.
 Hence it is a proposition in advance which establishes a linkage between the
why, what and how of teaching in one period.
 While attempting to do this the teacher may foresee likely problems in
classroom communication and may arrange certain materials and decide
about techniques to be adopted to ensure a smooth and effective teaching-
learning situation.
 Thus a lesson plan is a means of thinking in advance decisions about

selection, sequencing and execution of various activities to be performed in a
classroom with a view to ensuring learning of children.
Need and importance of lesson planning
 It makes teaching systematic and well organized.
 It helps teachers in identifying adequate content and its proper sequencing for teaching a
lesson.
 It helps teachers to learn to foresee and tackle learning difficulties of children.
 It enables teachers to utilize the available time properly.
 It helps in developing insights about learning needs and abilities of children.
 It helps teachers to develop the habit of undertaking immediate corrective
measures.
 It gives confidence to teachers during teaching.
Behaviorist approaches in lesson planning
 Herbartian approach
 Gloverian approach
 Evaluation approach
 Unit approach
 RCEM approach

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Instructional planning

 Instructional planning involves developing a systematic,

 Planning for the whole years work as part of the

 Scheduling the time available for instruction

 It is the first step in year planning

 It is the process of organizing subject matter in the

 This is to be done only when the subject matter is not

 4. circumstances cannot be same for every class.

 Principle of systematic presentation

 Principle of economy in time.

 This gives the teacher an idea of how to develop the key

 Though lesson planning requires hard work it is rewarding too.

 It conceives a lesson as 'Plan of Action' implemented by the teacher in the

 Thus a lesson plan is a means of thinking in advance decisions about

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