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    02 - Chapter 2

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    Mustafa Mohammed
    The document discusses the characteristics of scientific research and research methods. It outlines 9 key characteristics including purposiveness, rigor, testability, precision, confidence, replicability, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It also discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches. Hypothesis testing is explained as well as the hypothetico-deductive research process. Finally, it briefly covers the philosophies of positivism, constructionism, and pragmatism as alternative approaches to evaluating good research.

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    02 - Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa Mohammed
    7 views11 pages
    The document discusses the characteristics of scientific research and research methods. It outlines 9 key characteristics including purposiveness, rigor, testability, precision, confidence, replicability, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It also discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches. Hypothesis testing is explained as well as the hypothetico-deductive research process. Finally, it briefly covers the philosophies of positivism, constructionism, and pragmatism as alternative approaches to evaluating good research.

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    The document discusses the characteristics of scientific research and research methods. It outlines 9 key characteristics including purposiveness, rigor, testability, precision, confidence, replicability, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It also discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches. Hypothesis testing is explained as well as the hypothetico-deductive research process. Finally, it briefly covers the philosophies of positivism, constructionism, and pragmatism as alternative approaches to evaluating good research.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views11 pages

    02 - Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa Mohammed
    The document discusses the characteristics of scientific research and research methods. It outlines 9 key characteristics including purposiveness, rigor, testability, precision, confidence, replicability, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It also discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches. Hypothesis testing is explained as well as the hypothetico-deductive research process. Finally, it briefly covers the philosophies of positivism, constructionism, and pragmatism as alternative approaches to evaluating good research.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 2

    Scientific Investigation

    Research Methods © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


    for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran
    Characteristics of scientific research:
    1. Purposiveness: research must have a clear, specific and
    important purpose.

    2. Rigor: research must be free of errors.

    3. Testability: research must not address issues that can not


    be measured or proven false.

    4. Precision: How close results are to reality.

    5. Confidence: The probability that our findings are correct.

    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Characteristics of scientific research:
    6. Replicability: the research procedures are explained
    in detail so that others may replicate the study.

    7. Objectivity: conclusions of the research come from


    actual data.

    8. Generalizability: the results should be applicable to


    the population.

    9. Parsimony: research should only focus on the


    important factors.
    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Deduction ‫ أستنتاج‬and Induction ‫أستقراء‬
    • Deductive reasoning: application of a general
    theory to a specific case.
    – Hypothesis testing

    • Inductive reasoning: a process where we


    observe specific phenomena and on this basis
    arrive at general conclusions.
    • Both inductive and deductive processes are
    often used in research.

    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Hypothesis‫فرضية‬
    • A hypothesis is a statement about the testable
    relationship between different variables.

    • A hypothesis is not an assumption ‫ افتراض‬.

    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Hypothetico-Deductive Research
    • The CIO notices that the newly implemented 5 million EGP
    ERP system is not being used. She begins to ask why.
    • The CIO talks with some of the employees about why they are
    not using the system. She also reads some studies on
    resistance to new ERP systems in companies.
    • The CIO, based on lit review, hypothesizes that employees will
    use the system more if they receive training on its use.
    • The CIO tests her hypothesis by collecting data.
    • The results show that employees that did receive the training
    used the system more than those that did not receive the
    training.
    • The CIO deduces that training can improve system usage
    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Hypothetico-Deductive Research
    • The thinking process in the Hypothetico-
    Deductive Method
    – Define the problem statement
    – Develop hypotheses
    – Determine measures
    – Data collection
    – Data analysis
    – Interpretation of data and deduction

    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Alternative approaches to what makes
    good research
    • Positivism
    • Constructionnism

    • The middle ground: Pragmatism

    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Positivism
    • Scientific research is the way to get to the
    truth

    • Rigour and replicability, reliability, and


    generalizability

    • Key approach: experiment

    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Constructionism
    • The world as we know it is fundamentally
    mental

    • Aim to understand the rules people use to


    make sense of the world

    • Research methods are often qualitative in


    nature
    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran
    Pragmatism
    • Do not take a particular position on what makes
    good research

    • Research on both objective and subjective


    phenomena can produce useful knowledge

    • Relationship between theory and practice

    • Purpose of theory is to inform practice


    Research Methods
    © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wiley.c
    for Business om/college/sekaran

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