Trig CH 2
Trig CH 2
Trig CH 2
CHAPTER 2
recap
• In ch 1 we first defined angles – our way of
measuring them was based on a circle
• We then narrowed our focus to angles of a
triangle and explored similarity of triangles
• We finally zeroed in on right triangles and defined
and named 6 ratios- forming relations between
angles and these ratios that are functions
• These functions however, have a very limited
domain -
Degrees and radians
CH 2 – SECTION 1
Radian
• For various reasons the degree measurement used with
triangle trigonometry is cumbersome and restrictive
• Therefore a new unit of measure was devised
• Definition:
• 1 radian = the angle which subtends an arc
that is 1 radius long
• Since a full circle is an arc of 360⁰ with an arc
length(circumference) of 2π
• 360⁰= 2π radians
Conversion factor
• 360⁰= 2π radians yields conversion factors
CH2 – SECTION 3
Unit circle viewpoint of trig
• Sometimes looking at something from a different
viewpoint gives us useful information/tools with
which to answer various questions/problems
• Defining the trig functions by a triangle restricts
their use to angles 0 ⁰< ө⁰< 90⁰
• By using circles we have determined that angles
larger than this and smaller than this exist.
• We will now take a second look at our triangle
ratios
Addendum
• The equation for a circle is :
• (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
• where (h,k) is the point at the center of the
circle and r is the radius of the circle
Triangles and circles
For any point (x,y) on circle you
can draw an angle in standard
position where the terminal side
is part of a right triangle with
sides that are x any y long and a
hypotenuse that is r long.
CHAPTER 2 – SECTION 5
Trig identities
• An identity is a variable equation that is known to be always true
• In algebra the property statements are identities ex. Commutative
property
x +y = y + x
• We have already alluded to several trig identities. Knowing them
sometimes saves time and energy and sometimes is crucial to
working the problem
• I find that understanding each set helps me to remember them – you
will need to learn them
• The textbook lists all pertinent trig identities on its front cover and on
a tear out pamphlet. Flash cards might aid you in learning them.
• Use of the pamphlet/cards/ or book will be highly limited on tests-
probably mostly prohibited
Pythagorean identities
• Since x2 + y2 = 1 for our unit circle
• cos2(ө) + sin2(ө)= 1 for all values of ө
-ө
Special angles
• Using some basic geometry there are some
angles whose trig values can easily be found
exactly even though they are irrational
• angles that are co-terminal with or reference
to: (ө) cos(ө) sin(ө) tan(ө) sec(ө) csc(ө) cot(ө)
0⁰ | 0
30⁰ |
45⁰ |
60⁰ |
90⁰ |
Determine sign
• You can memorize the table
Ө values Cos sin tan sec csc cot
0 + 2πm < ө < π/2 + 2πm pos pos pos pos pos Pos
π/2 + 2πm < ө < π +2πm neg pos neg neg Pos Neg
π + 2πm < ө < 3π/2 + 2πm neg neg pos neg neg Pos
3π/2 + 2πm < ө < 2π +2πm pos neg neg pos neg neg
Ө = 0 + 2πm 1 0 0 1 undef undef
Ө= π/2+ 2πm 0 1 undef undef 1 0
Ө=π+ 2πm -1 0 0 -1 undef undef
Ө= 3π/2+ 2πm 0 -1 undef undef -1 0