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    Lecture 4

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    kasunweera
    1) Microcontrollers are single, compact integrated circuits that contain a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip to control devices. 2) The main components of a microcontroller include the CPU, I/O ports, ALU, and memory. The CPU fetches and executes instructions. I/O ports communicate with external devices. The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations. Memory stores data, programs, and intermediate results. 3) Microcontrollers are widely used in industry for automation and control applications due to their low cost, small size, and flexibility to be programmed for different tasks.

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    Lecture 4

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    kasunweera
    9 views16 pages
    1) Microcontrollers are single, compact integrated circuits that contain a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip to control devices. 2) The main components of a microcontroller include the CPU, I/O ports, ALU, and memory. The CPU fetches and executes instructions. I/O ports communicate with external devices. The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations. Memory stores data, programs, and intermediate results. 3) Microcontrollers are widely used in industry for automation and control applications due to their low cost, small size, and flexibility to be programmed for different tasks.

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    LECTURE-4

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    1) Microcontrollers are single, compact integrated circuits that contain a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip to control devices. 2) The main components of a microcontroller include the CPU, I/O ports, ALU, and memory. The CPU fetches and executes instructions. I/O ports communicate with external devices. The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations. Memory stores data, programs, and intermediate results. 3) Microcontrollers are widely used in industry for automation and control applications due to their low cost, small size, and flexibility to be programmed for different tasks.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views16 pages

    Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    kasunweera
    1) Microcontrollers are single, compact integrated circuits that contain a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip to control devices. 2) The main components of a microcontroller include the CPU, I/O ports, ALU, and memory. The CPU fetches and executes instructions. I/O ports communicate with external devices. The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations. Memory stores data, programs, and intermediate results. 3) Microcontrollers are widely used in industry for automation and control applications due to their low cost, small size, and flexibility to be programmed for different tasks.

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    of 16

    ET-42053

    INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS


    Lecture-4

    Prepared by : W.M.D. Kasun Chamikara Weerakoon


    B.Sc.Eng.(Hons) USJP, M.Sc. In Industrial automation (Reading)
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    What is a micro-controller ()?
    • A Microcontroller is a single, compact and self-contained computer on a single
    integrated circuit (IC) which uses for controlling purposes
    • Micro controller is made of millions or billions of transistors, capacitors, resistors
    etc.
    Micro → All are integrated
    Controller → Controlling action
    • Microcontroller is multi-purpose where the user can program the micro-
    controller to perform the required task
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    • For the purpose of the programming, microcontroller programmer can be used
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    • The micro controller consists of numerous components including counters, flip-
    flops, ALUs, ADC (Analog to digital controllers) etc.
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    CPU(Control and processing unit)
    • CPU is the main component in a microcontroller. It acts as the brain of the
    microcontroller
    • CPU is responsible for executing instructions and perform arithmetic and logical
    operations in the microcontroller
    • CPU reads and execute the program entered by the user. It consists of following
    steps
    1. Fetch – Obtaining the program instructions
    2. Decode – Understanding the given instructions
    3. Execute – Execution or the implementation of the given instructions
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    I/O ports (Input output ports)
    • Microcontroller handles the communication with the external devices through
    the I/O ports
    • The inputs to the microcontroller can be taken from the sensors and outputs can
    be given to the actuators
    • Microcontrollers can handle multiple inputs and outputs
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    ALU (Arithmetic and logic unit)
    • ALU performs the arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction,
    multiplication and division and also logic operations including AND, NOT,OR etc.
    based on the instructions
    • ALU has main input and output access the CPU, main memory and the I/O
    devices connected to the microcontroller
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    Memory
    • Memory in the microcontroller stores the data, program instructions and other
    data required for the microcontroller operations.
    • There are many types of memories in a microcontroller
    1. Program memory
    2. Data memory
    3. EEPROM memory
    4. Cache memory
    5. Registers
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    Memory
    1. Program memory (Read-only memory -ROM)
    • Program memory stores the instruction required by microprocessor to execute
    different tasks
    • It stores the firmware* or the program code required for the microcontroller to
    operates
    • Program memory is non-volatile ( Stored program exists even the power is turned
    off)
    Firmware* - Program that specialized to control the functions of the hardware
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    Memory
    2.Data memory (Random access memory-RAM)
    • RAM is used for temporary storage of programs and data need for program execution
    • Data memory is a volatile memory. The memory content is lost when the power is
    removed
    3. EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory)
    • EEPROM is a non-volatile memory that retains data even the power is turned off
    4. Cache memory
    • Temporarily stores frequently accessed data to increase the access speed and
    improve the performance
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    Memory
    5. Registers
    • Registers are small and high speed data storage locations within the CPU. Usually
    stores the data, addresses and intermediate results during the program execution

    8-bit register

    • Most of the microcontrollers consist of 32-bit or 64-bit registers


    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    Memory
    5. Registers
    • In microcontrollers there are main 3 types of registers
    1. TRIS Register
    TRIS registers configure the pins whether they are inputs or outputs
    2. PORT Register
    Setting the input and output state 1 (High) or 0 (Low).
    3. STATUS Register
    Shifting between register banks
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    TRIS Register
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Function of the components in the microcontrollers
    PORT register
    Application of Microcontrollers in the industry
    Simulation of simple microcontroller circuit

    Simulation of simple microcontroller circuit using proteus software and CCS


    C compiler

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