Philippine Poetry

Philippine Poetry: Its
form, language and

speech
Juvalen Grace A. Loberanes
Senses and images
• are used by the writer to describe their impressions of their topic or object of
writing.
• visual imagery
• olfactory imagery
• gustatory imagery
• tactile imagery
• auditory imagery
Diction
• is the denotative and connotative meaning of the words in a sentence, phrase,
paragraph, or poem.
Rhyme scheme
• is the way the author arranges words, meters, lines, and stanzas to create a
coherent sound when the poem is read out loud. It may be formal or informal,
depending on the way the poem was written by the poet.
Gabu by Carlos Angeles
Gabu by Carlos Angeles
structure
• arrangement of words and lines, either together or apart. It also refers to the
way the interdependent parts of it are organized to form a whole poem.
Word order
• is either the natural or the unnatural arrangement of words in a poem.
• is common in Filipino writers who write in English, Filipino poets use local
words to add more locality to a given poem.
• Filipino poetry, although greatly influenced by the previous colonizers of the
country, stands on its own when it comes to its unique elements.
Close reading analysis
• is deep analysis of how a literary text works; it is both a reading process and
something you include in a literary analysis paper, though in a refined form.
• Is a way for you to analyze the poem by carefully reading and rereading a text
until you find its interpretation.
Step 1: Read the passage.
• Take notes as you read. Mark anything that seems relevant or interesting to
you – even if you are unsure why a particular section of the text stands out.
Step 2: Analyze the passage.
• Diction:
• What words are being used here?
• Are any words repeated in this passage?
• What adjectives are used? What nouns do they describe? How do they alter
your understanding of these nouns?
• Are any two (or more) words used in this passage connected in some way?
• Narrative Voice
• Who is speaking in this passage?
• What narrative perspective is being used in this passage?
• What does the narrative voice tell you?
• What characters does it give you access to?
• Tone:
• Is the speaker being straightforward, factual, open?
• Is he or she taking a less direct route toward his or her meaning?
• Does the voice carry any emotion? Or is it detached from its subject?
• Do you hear irony (what is said is different from what is meant)? If so,
where?
• Rhetorical and Literary devices:
• Do you notice any figurative language, such as metaphors and
similes?
• Do you observe any imagery?
• Is the sound of the language and sentences important (e.g., rhyme,
repetition, choppy or long sentences)?
• What is the effect of these devices and techniques? (e.g., do they add
emphasis or connect key ideas?)
Step 3: Develop a descriptive thesis.
• use your observations to construct a descriptive thesis.
• For example, you could argue that a passage is using short, simple sentences,
or that it is using irony or a combination of these things. Your descriptive
thesis should attempt to summarize the observations you have made about
HOW language is being used in your passage.
Step 4: Construct an argument about the
passage.
• This step is essential to a successful close reading. It is not enough to simply
make observations about language use – you must take these observations and
use them to construct an argument about the passage.
• Transform your descriptive thesis into an argument by asking yourself WHY

language is used in this way:
• What kinds of words are used (intellectual, elaborate, plain, or vulgar)? Why
are words being used in this way?
Step 4: Construct an argument about the
passage.
• Why are sentences long or short? Why might the author be using complicated or
simple sentences? What might this type of sentence structure suggest about what the
passage is trying to convey?
• Who is the narrator? What is the narrative voice providing these particular
descriptions? Why are we given access to the consciousness of these particular
characters? Why not others?
• What images do you see in the passage? What might they represent? Is there a
common theme?
• Why might the tone of the passage be emotional (or detached)?
• To what purpose might the text employ irony?
• What effect/impact is the author trying to create?
Step 5: Develop an outline based on your
thesis
• After you have established your thesis, you’ll need to write an essay that
supports this argument with examples and analysis.

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Philippine Poetry: Its

form, language and

• Transform your descriptive thesis into an argument by asking yourself WHY

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