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Ispm 11

ISPM 11 provides guidance on pest risk analysis (PRA) for quarantine pests. It outlines a 3 stage process for PRA: initiation, risk assessment, and risk management. The risk assessment involves categorizing pests, assessing the probability of entry, establishment, and spread, and assessing potential economic consequences. The risk management stage identifies appropriate options to manage the identified risks. The standard also provides guidance on documentation of the full PRA process. Annexes provide additional details for assessing environmental risks and risks of living modified organisms.

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26 views

Ispm 11

ISPM 11 provides guidance on pest risk analysis (PRA) for quarantine pests. It outlines a 3 stage process for PRA: initiation, risk assessment, and risk management. The risk assessment involves categorizing pests, assessing the probability of entry, establishment, and spread, and assessing potential economic consequences. The risk management stage identifies appropriate options to manage the identified risks. The standard also provides guidance on documentation of the full PRA process. Annexes provide additional details for assessing environmental risks and risks of living modified organisms.

Uploaded by

kalaielakkiya98
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ISPM – 11

(Pest Risk Analysis for Quarantine


Pests)

PRESENTED BY,
S.ELAKKIYA
2019505033
Adoption
ISPM 11 (Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests) - Third

Session - Interim Commission on Phytosanitary


Measures - April 2001.
April 2003 - Fifth Session - Pest risk analysis for quarantine

pests including analysis of environmental risks (S1).


April 2004 - Sixth Session - Pest risk analysis for quarantine

pests including analysis of environmental risks and Living


Modified Organisms (S2).
Scope
 To determine if pests are quarantine pests.

 It describes the integrated processes to be used for risk assessment as well as

then selection of risk management options.

 S1 - The analysis of risks of plant pests to the environment and biological

diversity and environmental risks are given in Annex 1.

 S2 - Evaluating potential phytosanitary risks to plants and plant products

posed by LMOs. This guidance does not alter the scope of ISPM 11 but is

intended to clarify issues related to the PRA for LMOs. LMOs are given in

Annex 2.

 Specific guidance on conducting PRA for plants as quarantine pests is


Objectives
The objectives of a PRA are, for a specified area, to

identify pests and/or pathways of quarantine concern


and evaluate their risk, to identify endangered areas,
and, if appropriate, to identify risk management
options.
Three stages
Stage 1 (Initiating the process)

Stage 2 (Risk assessment)

Stage 3 (Risk management)


Stage 1: Initiation
PRA initiated as result of –

Identification of a pathway

Identification of a pest

Review or revision of a policy


PRA initiated by the identification of a pathway

The need for a new or revised PRA of a specific pathway may arise in the
following situations:
 International trade is initiated in a commodity not previously

imported into the country (usually a plant or plant product, including


genetically altered plants) or a commodity from a new area or new
country of origin
 New plant species are imported for selection and scientific research

purposes
 A pathway other than commodity import is identified (natural spread,

packing material, mail, garbage, passenger baggage, etc.).


PRA initiated by the identification of a pest
A requirement for a new or revised PRA on a specific pest may arise in the

following situations:

 An emergency arises on discovery of an established infestation or an

outbreak of a new pest within a PRA area

 An emergency arises on interception of a new pest on an imported

commodity

 A new pest risk is identified by scientific research

 A pest is introduced into an area


Cont…
 A pest is reported to be more damaging in an area other than in its area

of origin

 A pest is repeatedly intercepted

 A request is made to import an organism

 An organism is identified as a vector for other pests

 An organism is genetically altered in a way which clearly identifies its

potential as a plant pest.


PRA initiated by the review or revision of a policy

A requirement for a new or revised PRA originating from


policy concerns will most frequently arise in the following
situations:
A national decision is taken to review phytosanitary

regulations, requirements or operations


A proposal made by another country or by an

international organization (RPPO, FAO) is reviewed


A new treatment or loss of a treatment system, a new

process, or new information impacts on an earlier


decision
A dispute arises on phytosanitary measures

The phytosanitary situation in a country changes, a

new country is created, or political boundaries have


changed.
Information
Information gathering is an essential element of all stages of

PRA. It is important at the initiation stage in order to clarify


the identity of the pest(s), its/their present distribution and
association with host plants, commodities, etc.

For LMOs, information required for a full risk analysis may


include:
Name, identity and taxonomic status of the LMO (including

any relevant identifying codes) and the risk management


measures applied to the LMO in the country of export.
Taxonomic status, common name, point of collection or

acquisition, and characteristics of the donor organism.


Description of the nucleic acid or the modification introduced

(including genetic construct) and the resulting genotypic and


phenotypic characteristics of the LMO.
Details of the transformation process.

Appropriate detection and identification methods and their

specificity, sensitivity and reliability.


Intended use including intended containment.

Quantity or volume of the LMO to be imported.


Conclusion of initiation
The pests and pathways of concern and the PRA area

will have been identified. Relevant information has


been collected and pests have been identified as
possible candidates for phytosanitary measures, either
individually or in association with a pathway.
S2 - For LMOs at the end of Stage 1 an NPPO may decide
that :
The LMO is a potential pest and needs to be assessed

further in Stage 2 or
The LMO is not a potential pest and needs no further

analysis under ISPM No. 11.


Stage 2: Pest Risk Assessment

Step1 : Pest categorization

Step2 : Assessment of the probability of introduction

and spread

Step3 : Assessment of potential economic

consequences (including environmental impacts).


Step1 : Pest Categorization
Identity of the pest

Presence or absence in the PRA area

Regulatory status(If the pest is present but not widely

distributed in the PRA area, it should be under official


control or expected to be under official control in the near
future.)
Potential for establishment and spread in PRA area

Potential for economic consequences (including

environmental consequences) in the PRA area.


Conclusion for pest categorization
Step2 : Assessment of the probability of introduction and spread
Probability of ENTRY

 Likelihood of a quarantine pest that will arrive in an


importing country through various pathways.

 Probability of pest survival during transport/storage or


existing pest management procedures.
 Probability of transfer to a suitable host.
Probability of ESTABLISHMENT

Availability, quantity and distribution of hosts in the

PRA area.
Environmental suitability in the PRA area.

Potential for adaptation of the pest.

Reproductive strategy of the pest.

Method of pest survival.

Cultural practices and control measures.


Probability of SPREAD

Suitability of the natural and/or managed environment for

natural spread of the pest.


Presence of natural barriers.

The potential for movement with commodities or conveyances.

Intended use of the commodity.

Potential vectors of the pest in the PRA area.

Potential natural enemies of the pest in the PRA area.


Step 3 : Assessment of potential economic
consequences
 Impact on productivity – quantitative & qualitative data ( yield

loss, increased control cost, post harvest disinfestation).


 Impact on trade/market access (domestic, international).

 Analysis of economic consequences (time, place factors, analytical

techniques, non- commercial & environmental consequences).


 Services of an Economist taken for estimating economic impact on

a hypothetical situation (presuming that the pest has been


introduced).
Conclusion of the Pest risk assessment stage
All or some of the categorized pests may be considered

appropriate for pest risk management.


For each pest, all or part of the PRA area may be identified as

an endangered area.
A quantitative or qualitative estimate of the probability of

introduction of a pest or pests, and a corresponding


quantitative or qualitative estimate of economic consequences
(including environmental consequences), have been obtained
and documented or an overall rating could have been assigned.
Stage 3: Pest Risk Management
 Level of risk

 Technical information required

 Acceptability of risk

 Identification and selection of appropriate risk management

options (Options for consignments, preventing or reducing


infestation in the crop, ensuring that the area, place or site of
production or crop is free from the pest, other types of pathways,
Options within the importing country, Prohibition of
commodities).
 Phytosanitary certificates and other compliance measures.
Documentation of Pest Risk Analysis
Purpose for the PRA
 Pest, pest list, pathways, PRA area, endangered area

 Sources of information

 Categorized pest list

Conclusions of risk assessment


 Probability

 Consequences

Risk management
 Options identified

 Options selected.
ANNEX 1: Comments on the scope of the IPPC in regard

to environmental risks
ANNEX 2: Comments on the scope of the IPPC in regard

to pest risk analysis for living modified organisms


ANNEX 3: Determining the potential for a living

modified organism to be a pest


ANNEX 4: Pest risk analysis for plants as quarantine pests
THANK YOU

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