MCN 211 Report
MCN 211 Report
MCN 211 Report
Health During
Pregnancy
Nutrition
• Nutrition is basic human need and a
prerequisite for healthy life. A proper diet is
essential from very early age of life for growth,
development and active life.
• First Trimester:
- 2 to 4 pounds weight gain
- No additional calories usually required
• Second & Third Trimester:
- 1 pound weight gain per week
- Additional 300 calories required
Distribution of Weight Gain
• Area Weight Gain in lbs
▪ Fetus 7.5 – 8.5
▪ Fat & Protein 7.5
▪ Blood 4
▪ Tissue Fluids 2.7
▪ Uterus 2
▪ Amniotic Fluid 1.8
▪ Placenta & cord 1.5
▪Breast 1
total 28 – 29 pound
Importance of Good Nutrition during Pregnancy
• Mother has to nurture the fetus, health of the newborn depends on nutritional status
of the mother during and prior to conception.
• A well nourished woman prior to conception enters pregnancy with reserve of several
nutrients that meets the needs of the growing fetus without affecting her own health.
• A well nourished woman suffers fewer complications during pregnancy & there are
few chances of premature births.
• A well nourished mother will give birth to a healthy child.
• Maternal diet during pregnancy has a direct influence on fetal growth, size & health
of the newborn.
Cont.
8. Caffiene
9. Drugs
10. Tobacco
Common Health Problems During Pregnancy
• Nausea
→ Occurs most commonly during first trimester
→ due to disturbance, placental protein intoxication or
derangement of carbohydrate metabolism.
→ frequent & small meal should provided, fat rich, fried, spicy should
restricted.
• Heart burn
→ due to increased progesterone levels w/c decreases smooth muscle
mobility of stomach & pressure by growing uterus on stomach.
→ can be relieved by providing small & frequent meals & drinking fluids
between meals.
Cont.
• Hyperemesis Gravidarum
→ occurs when nausea becomes so severe that it is life- threatening
→ may require hospitalization & parenteral nutrition.
• Constipation & hemorrhoids
→ Eat high fiber diet, may participate in daily exercise, drink at least 8 glasses of water/day.
•Excessive Weight Gain
→ Drink fat free milk, eat clean, crisp, raw vegetables as snack.
• Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension
→ formerly known as pre-eclampsia or toxemia
→ characterized by high blood pressure, presence of protein in urine & edema in 3 rd trimester.
→ May progress into eclamptic stage with convulsions, coma & possible death of mother &
infant.
→Higher incidence with 1st pregnancy, multifetal pregnancies, morbidly obese women, or women with
inadequate diets.
Cont.
•Pica
→ craving for nonfoods substances ( starch, clay, or ice)
→ discourage ingestion of soil due to possible contamination & nutrient deficiencies.
• Anemia
→ condition caused by insuffiency of RBCs, hemoglobin or blood volume.
→ causes weakness, fatigue, poor appetite & pallor
▪ Iron- deficiency Anemia (most common form)
▪ Folate deficiency- may lead to megaloblastic anemia
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
→ refers to carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy.
→ caused due to impaired insulin action
• Leg cramps
→ due to sudden contraction of muscles
→ related with decline in serum calcium level
• Fatigue
→ caused by progesterone disturbances
Factors Affecting of Maternal Nutrition
• General nutritional status prior to pregnancy
• Maternal Age
• Maternity parity
• Cultural & psychosocial factors
• Lactation
• Weight Gain during Pregnancy
• Metabolic or other complications of pregnancy
Key Points
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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
Class 3 84 90
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