Maintenance (1) (5643)

Advancements and Challenges in the Use of Cold
MixAsphalt - A Review
Prepared by:
Lama Almawajdeh
Marah Alrashdan
Outlines
1. Introduction
3. Challenges in implementing CMA
4. Materials required to produce CMA

5. Methodology and laboratory mix design of CMA
6. Future trends and potential improvements in CMA technology
7. Case studies
8. Conclusions
9. Recommendations
References
Discuss the properties and benefits of CMA
Objectives The challenges associated with using CMA
Provide insights into the use of CMA as a sustainable and cost-effective

alternative to HMA in pavement construction
Case studies of real-world projects using cold-mix asphalt as a

sustainable and cost-effective pavement solution
Comparison between cold mix asphalt design and hot mix asphalt
design
Introduction
• HMA, the oldest asphalt paving material, has been

widely used due to its longevity and performance.
However, it has negative environmental effects,
increased energy use, and a larger carbon footprint.
• Lack of awareness
CHALLENGES • Opposition to change
IN • Training and capacity building

IMPLEMENTING • mix design
COLD MIX • shorter lifespan
ASPHALT • Performance
PROJECTS • maintenance and repair
• Testing and assessment
Materials required to produce CMA.
• Bitumen emulsion
• Cutback bitumen
• Aggregate and water
• There is no commonly acknowledged mixed
CMA design
• -asphalt institute method;-Marshall and Hveem
Methodology methods- Asian and European countries
• - Superpave method ; USA
and laboratory •The samples are prepared in the same manner
for both the Hveem and Marshall methods:
mix design 1. Material selection.
of CMA. 2. Determination of initial emulsion content.
3. determination of optimum moisture for
coating.
4. determination of optimum moisture for
density.
5. compaction & curing at 3 emulsion contents.
6. selection of optimum emulsion content.
Determination of initial Determination
Selection of aggregate Sample mixing and
bitumen emulsion of optimum premixing
gradation preparation.
content (IBEC) water content (OPWC)
Finding out the dry

stability for determining Establishment Different curing protocols
the optimum total liquid of optimum bitumen adopted for curing
content (OTLC) emulsion content (OBEC) the CMA samples
at compaction
HMA CMA
Production and Heating up to 150°C - 190°C is Produced and applied at
application Temperature required for production and ambient temperature,
application, costing additionalminimizing energy
Difference Energy consumption

energy.
Higher emissions because of
the large amount of energy
consumption.
Less than 60% of HMA, Lower
greenhouse gas emissions
between required for heating. because of lower energy

consumption.
HMA and
Cost Heating requirements result in Lower manufacturing costs,
higher production and shipping lower transportation costs, and
costs. less specialist equipment
CMA
required.
Application Conditions Best used in dry, warm weather; Can be used in a variety of
and Flexibility less effective in cold weather. weather conditions, including
cold and damp circumstances.
Durability and Longevity In general, it is more durable Typically used for surface
and is preferred for structural repairs; in high-traffic locations,
layers of pavements. it may not be as durable as
HMA.
Storage and Shelf Life It must be used immediately Can be stored for longer
after manufacturing and cannot periods and remains usable.
be stored.
Suitability for Different For new road
Pothole repairs,
Repairs construction, high-simple patching, and
traffic zones, and low-traffic areas
structural layers. benefit from this
product.
Air voids Lower Higher
Initial strength high Low
Water content low High
Setting and Curing period Sets quickly after As the water in the
cooling, allowing for emulsion
speedier traffic evaporates, the
resumption emulsion sets and
cures over time.
CMA technology is becoming increasingly well-liked as an
affordable and environmentally friendly pavement
alternative. Still, there is a lot of space for growth and
advancement in this industry. The future trends and
advancements in CMA technology are discussed in detail in
Future trends and this section.
potential improvements
in CMA technology
• Enhanced Performance and Durability
• Increasing the Use of Recycled Materials
• Creation of New Binders
• Improvements in Production and Placement
• Intelligent Transportation System Integration
CASE STUDIES:
• In the United Kingdom, a park-and-ride construction scheme was

supplied with material during the spring of 2008. The project had two
objectives: to showcase the speed of laying and the ability of the CMAs
to withstand sideways forces from buses in a turning circle. The
material's stability under site traffic conditions allowed for the
construction of a second layer much sooner than what could be achieved
with HMA. This was seen as a significant advantage. Figures 5a and 5b
depict the turning circle during construction and after three years [71]
• Scotland Transport granted permission to trial the CMA material on the

A90, making it the first known use of this material on a UK trunk road.
The traffic counts on this road indicated 19,500 vehicles per day, of which
15% were multi-axle HGV vehicles. The targeted section for
reconstruction was 800 meters long and had previously been designed
with 260 mm of HMA base course. This was substituted with 300 mm of
CMA, as depicted in Figure 6 [71]
• CMA technology offers sustainable and economical
pavement development and maintenance, with
advantages like reduced energy usage, fewer
CONCLUSIONS emissions, and better working conditions. However,
it faces challenges in performance and longevity.
Further research is needed to enhance production
methods, create new binders, and integrate CMA
with intelligent transportation systems. Despite these
challenges, CMA has a bright future.
Recommendations
• Selecting the right aggregate gradation is crucial for satisfactory CMA performance.
Modifying traditional gradations and considering new projects for thin layer CMA mix
design techniques is recommended.
• Cement production is costly and emits greenhouse gases, requiring alternatives like local
garbage for filler and aggregate. Encouraging sustainable use of CMA for sustainable
development.
• The use of fiber, modified asphalt emulsion, and nanomaterials in CMA design is
promising, requiring further research using lab and field data.
• To establish reliable connections, it's crucial to assess laboratory and field performance
for various mix design parameters like compaction type, level, curing duration, and
temperature.
Thank you
References
Pundhir N.K.S Construction of Rural Roads with Cationic Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Mix Technology, Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi, 2012.
I.N.A. Thanaya, S.E. Zoorob, J.P. Forth, A laboratory Study on Cold-mix, Cold-lay Emulsion Mixtures, Transport 162 (2009) 47–55.
Kari W. Replacement of Cutbacks with Emulsified Asphalt. Highway Research News. 1973. [33] Jenkins KJ. Mix design considerations for cold and half-warm bituminous mixes
with emphasis of foamed bitumen. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University. 2000.
Chehovits J, Galehouse L. Energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions of pavement preservation processes for asphalt concrete pavements. Proceedings on the 1st
International conference of pavement preservation. 2010.
Dondi G, Tataranni P, Pettinari M, Sangiorgi C, Simone A, Vignali V. Crumb rubber in cold recycled bituminous mixes: comparison between traditional crumb rubber and
cryogenic crumb rubber. Construction and Building Materials. 2014.
Xiao F, Yao S, Wang J, Li X, Amirkhanian S. A literature review on cold recycling technology of asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials. 2018;180:579-604.
Pasetto M, Giacomello G, Pasquini E, Baliello A. Recycling bituminous shingles in cold mix asphalt for high-performance patching repair of road pavements. Pavement and
Asset Management: CRC Press. 2019.
Offenbacker D, Saidi A, Ali A, Mehta Y, Decarlo CJ, Lein W. Economic and environmental cost analysis of cold in-place recycling. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.
2021;33(3):04020496.
Swiertz, D., Johannes, P., Tashman, L., & Bahia, H. (2012). Evaluation of laboratory coating and compaction procedures for cold mix asphalt. Asphalt Paving Technology-
Proceedings Association of Asphalt Technologists, 81, 81.
Day D, Lancaster IM, McKay D. Emulsion cold mix asphalt in the UK: A decade of site and laboratory experience. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English
Edition). 2019;6(4):359-65

Maintenance (1) (5643)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maintenance (1) (5643)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maintenance (1) (5643)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Advancements and Challenges in the Use of Cold

3. Challenges in implementing CMA

4. Materials required to produce CMA

Objectives The challenges associated with using CMA

Provide insights into the use of CMA as a sustainable and cost-effective

Case studies of real-world projects using cold-mix asphalt as a

• HMA, the oldest asphalt paving material, has been

CHALLENGES • Opposition to change

IN • Training and capacity building

Finding out the dry

Difference Energy consumption

between required for heating. because of lower energy

• In the United Kingdom, a park-and-ride construction scheme was

• Scotland Transport granted permission to trial the CMA material on the

You might also like