Qualitative Research Design

QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGN
GOD BLESS YOU ON YOUR QUIZ!
BURGUNDY <3 
DESIGN
-It is a word which means a plan or something that is conceptualized
by the mind.
-a design in the field of research serves as a blueprint or a skeletal
framework of your research study. It includes many related aspects
of your research work.
-A choice of a research design requires you to finalize your mind on
the purpose, philosophical basis, and types of data of your research,
including your method of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and
presenting data. It is a plan that directs your mind to several stages
of your research work (De Mey, 2013).
1. CASE STUDY
-To do a research study based on this research design is to
describe a person, a thing, or any creature on Earth for the purpose
of explaining the reasons behind the nature of its existence.
-Your aim here is to determine why such an individual or an
object acts, behaves, occurs, or exists in a particular manner.
Usually, a case study centers on an individual or single subject
matter. Your methods of collecting data for this qualitative
research design are interview, observation, and questionnaire.
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
-This involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in which you,
the researcher, to obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-
up, and relationships of the group members, must necessarily involve you in
their group activities. Since this design gives stress to the study of a group of
people, in a way, this is one special kind of a case study. The only thing that
makes it different from the latter is your participation as a researcher in the
activities of the group.
-Ethnography requires your actual participation in the group member’s activities
while a case study treats you, the researcher, as an outsider whose role is just to
observe the group. Realizing this qualitative research design is living with the
subjects in several months; hence, this is usually done by anthropologists whose
3. Historical Study
This qualitative research design allows you to determine the reasons for
changes or permanence of things in the physical world in a certain period,
e.g,years, decades, or centuries. What is referred to in the study as time of
changes is not a time shorter than a year, but a period indicating a big number of
years. Obviously, historical study differs from other research designs because of
this one element that is peculiar to it, the scope. The scope or coverage of a
historical study refers to the number of years covered, the kind of events focused
on, and the extend of new knowledge or discoveries resulting from the historical
study.
4. Phenomenology
A phenomenology is something you experience on
Earth as a person. It is a sensory experience that makes
you perceive or understand things that naturally occur in
your life such as death, joy, friendship, caregiving, defeat,
victory, and the like. This qualitative research design
makes you follow a research method that will let you
understand the ways of how people go through inevitable
events in their lives.
5. Grounded Theory
A research study adhering to a grounded theory
research design aims to develop a theory that will
increase your understanding of something in a
psychosocial context.
The methodology involves the construction of
hypotheses and theories through the collecting and
analysis of data. Grounded theory involves the
application of inductive reasoning.
Inductive reasoning
-It is a method of drawing

conclusions by going from the
specific to the general.
ACTIVITY:
1. If you were to conduct a study, on
which qualitative research design
would you like to base your research
work? Justify your point.
SAMPLING
What is sampling?
Sampling is a word that refers to your method or process of
selecting respondents or people to answer questions meant to yield
data for a research study. The chosen ones constitute the sample
through which you will derive facts and evidence to support the
claims or conclusions propounded by your research problem. The
bigger group from where you choose the sample is called
population, and sampling frame is the term used to mean the list of
the members of such population from where you will the sample
(Paris, 2013).
1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING OR UNBIASED
SAMPLING
Involves all members listed in the sampling frame

representing a certain population focused on by your study. An
equal chance of participation in the sampling or selection
process is given to every member listed in the sampling frame.
1. Simple Random Sampling
It is the best type of probability sampling through which you can choose a sample from
population.
-Pure Selection Method
2. Systematic Sampling
Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method where researchers select
members of the population at a regular interval – for example, by selecting
every 15th person on a list of the population. If the population is in a random
order, this can imitate the benefits of simple random sampling
3. Stratified Sampling
What is stratified sampling? In stratified sampling, researchers divide subjects
into subgroups called strata based on characteristics that they share (e.g., race,
gender, educational attainment). Once divided, each subgroup is randomly sampled
using another probability sampling method
4. Cluster Sampling
Cluster sampling is a probability sampling method in which you divide a
population into clusters, such as districts or schools, and then randomly
select some of these clusters as your sample
2. NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Disregards the random selection of subjects. The subjects

are chosen based on their availability or the purpose of the
study, and in some cases, at the sole discretion of the
researcher. This is not a scientific way of selecting respondents.
Neither does it offer a valid or an objective way of detecting
sampling errors (Edmond, 2013).
Quota sampling is defined as a non-probability sampling method in which
researchers create a sample involving individuals that represent a population.
Researchers choose these individuals according to specific traits or qualities.
They decide and create quotas so that the market research samples can be
useful in collecting data. These samples can be generalized to the entire
population. The final subset will be decided only according to the
interviewer’s or researcher’s knowledge of the population.
For example, a cigarette company wants to find out what age group prefers
what brand of cigarettes in a particular city. They apply survey quota on the
age groups of 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51+. From this information, the
researcher gauges the smoking trend among the population of the city.
2. Voluntary sampling occurs when
researchers seek volunteers to
participate in studies. Volunteers can be
solicited in person, over the internet, via
public postings, and a variety of other
methods. A researcher using voluntary
sampling typically makes little effort to
control sample composition.
3. Availability sampling is used quite frequently. It
involves selecting a sample from the population because it
is accessible. That is to say, individuals are selected for the
research not because they meet some statistical criterion, but
because they are readily available. This convenience usually
translates to easy operation and low sampling costs. The trade-
off, of course, is that it is impossible to use the results to make
general assertions about the population with any sort of
statistical rigor.
4. Purposive sampling, also known as
judgmental, selective, or subjective
sampling, is a form of non-probability
sampling in which researchers rely on
their own judgment when choosing
members of the population to
participate in their surveys.
5. Snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling is
defined as a non-probability sampling technique in
which the samples have traits that are rare to find.
This is a sampling technique, in which existing
subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required
for a research study.

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QUALITATIVE

-It is a method of drawing

Involves all members listed in the sampling frame

Disregards the random selection of subjects. The subjects

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