11 - Hematology Analyzers - Cell Counters
11 - Hematology Analyzers - Cell Counters
11 - Hematology Analyzers - Cell Counters
Equipment
Management
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Complete Blood Count Analyzers
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Types of Cell Counters
blood cells.
– Able to differentiate all 5 population Platelets
of WBCs
– Some cell counters are able to detect
and abnormal cell populations
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Principle of operation of Cell counter
Impedance Principle:
• Cells are non-conductive
• Electrical resistance caused by
cells is proportional to their
volume /size.
• Various blood cells could be
differentiated based on this
principle
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Principle of operation of Cell counter
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The Impedance principle
Sensing Zone
Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope
The Impedance principle
Sensing Zone
Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope
The Impedance principle
Oscilloscope
Sensing Zone
Oscilloscope
The Impedance principle
Oscilloscope
Sensing Zone
Oscilloscope
The Impedance principle
Oscilloscope
Sensing Zone
Oscilloscope
Applying Thresholds to separate Plt from RBC
20 fl
2 fl
Base line
Platelets
RBC of various
sizes
3-Part Differential Histogrm
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils Eosinophils
Principle of operation of 5-part Differential Counters
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Hemoglobin Measurement
Derivation
Absorbance= log 10 ( VR / Vs )
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Cell counter – Key components
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Maintenance of Cell Counters
Follow your manufacturer’s instructions manual for specific maintenance needs of your
analyzer – instructions given here are only indicative
• Always use PPE while performing maintenance
• Keep the cell counter surface and surroundings clean using 10% bleach.
• Most of computerized cell counters have computer-controlled maintenance menu.
Users must be familiar with these
• Inspect the bottom of washing head for salt build up – should be wiped off with a
damp cloth or wiper
• Check tubing system and look for any liquid leakage. If you experience leakage,
contact authorized technician.
• Perform daily start-up and shut-down cycles – these cycles are important for auto-
cleaning of tubing and apertures and hence in reducing blank values
• Check reagent status and change if required
• Empty waste container before starting the day
Waste contains human origin substances representing biohazard.
Neutralization of biohazard waste:
• Put 2 ml per liter of hypochlorite solution into the waste. Close the cap and
• Shake the container., after 1 hour you can dispose of the Waste liquid into the drain.
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Example of Weekly Maintenance of Cell Counters
Follow your manufacturer’s instructions manual for specific maintenance needs of your
analyzer – instructions given here are only indicative
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Calibration of cell counters
Automated hematology analyzers shall be calibrated using calibrator provided by
manufacturer: Controls shall not be used for calibration.
• Hematology calibrators have short expiry and very short open vial
stability.
• Ensure traceability of calibrators to ICSH.
• Some 3 part equipment calibrators have a defined Uncertainty of
Measurement and give a range for the target.
• Calibrators with more accurate values give a single, equipment
specific target value.
• It is important to ensure adequate equipment performance in
terms of precision, background values and carry over values
before performing CBC analyzer calibrations.
• Both closed and open modes should be calibrated whenever 2
modes are available.
• Calibration should be followed by verification QC to verify
acceptable performance
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