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    Laser Wps Office

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    shibi chakkravathi K.T
    Laser is a device that produces a controlled, powerful beam of light through stimulated emission of radiation. It works by exciting atoms or molecules to higher energy levels then stimulating them to emit photons of a specific wavelength. Key characteristics of laser light include being focused in a narrow beam, consisting of a narrow range of wavelengths, and having waves that are coherent in phase. Different types of materials can act as the lasing medium, including crystals, gases, liquids and semiconductors. Lasers have many applications due to their precise, focused light output.

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    Laser Wps Office

    Uploaded by

    shibi chakkravathi K.T
    10 views11 pages
    Laser is a device that produces a controlled, powerful beam of light through stimulated emission of radiation. It works by exciting atoms or molecules to higher energy levels then stimulating them to emit photons of a specific wavelength. Key characteristics of laser light include being focused in a narrow beam, consisting of a narrow range of wavelengths, and having waves that are coherent in phase. Different types of materials can act as the lasing medium, including crystals, gases, liquids and semiconductors. Lasers have many applications due to their precise, focused light output.

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    Laser is a device that produces a controlled, powerful beam of light through stimulated emission of radiation. It works by exciting atoms or molecules to higher energy levels then stimulating them to emit photons of a specific wavelength. Key characteristics of laser light include being focused in a narrow beam, consisting of a narrow range of wavelengths, and having waves that are coherent in phase. Different types of materials can act as the lasing medium, including crystals, gases, liquids and semiconductors. Lasers have many applications due to their precise, focused light output.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views11 pages

    Laser Wps Office

    Uploaded by

    shibi chakkravathi K.T
    Laser is a device that produces a controlled, powerful beam of light through stimulated emission of radiation. It works by exciting atoms or molecules to higher energy levels then stimulating them to emit photons of a specific wavelength. Key characteristics of laser light include being focused in a narrow beam, consisting of a narrow range of wavelengths, and having waves that are coherent in phase. Different types of materials can act as the lasing medium, including crystals, gases, liquids and semiconductors. Lasers have many applications due to their precise, focused light output.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    LASER

    Shibi chakkravarthi K.T


    What is mean by laser
    a device that produces a controlled ray of very
    powerful light that can be used as a tool.
    Definition of laser
    laser, a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to emit light
    at particular wavelengths and amplifies that light, typically
    producing a very narrow beam of radiation. The emission
    generally covers an extremely limited range of visible, infrared,
    or ultraviolet wavelengths. Many different types of lasers have
    been developed, with highly varied characteristics. Laser is an
    acronym for “light amplification by the stimulated emission of
    radiation.”
    History of laser
    The laser is an outgrowth of a suggestion made by Albert
    Einstein in 1916 that under the proper circumstances
    atoms could release excess energy as light—either
    spontaneously or when stimulated by light. German
    physicist Rudolf Walther Ladenburg first observed
    stimulated emission in 1928, although at the time it
    seemed to have no practical use.

    In 1951 Charles H. Townes, then at Columbia University in


    New York City, thought of a way to generate stimulated
    emission at microwave frequencies.
    Townes named the device a maser, for “microwave
    amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation.”
    Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Prokhorov and Nikolay Gennadiyevich
    Basov of the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow
    independently described the theory of maser operation. For
    their work all three shared the 1964 Nobel Prize for Physics.

    An intense burst of maser research followed in the mid-


    1950s, but masers found only a limited range of applications
    as low-noise microwave amplifiers and atomic clocks. In 1957
    Townes proposed to his brother-in-law and former
    postdoctoral student at Columbia University, Arthur L.
    Fundamental principles
    Laser emission is shaped by the rules of quantum
    mechanics, which limit atoms and molecules to having
    discrete amounts of stored energy that depend on the
    nature of the atom or molecule. The lowest energy level
    for an individual atom occurs when its electrons are all in
    the nearest possible orbits to its nucleus (see electronic
    configuration). This condition is called the ground state.
    When one or more of an atom’s electrons have absorbed
    energy, they can move to outer orbits, and the atom is
    then referred to as being “excited.” Excited states are
    generally not stable; as electrons drop from higher-energy
    to lower-energy levels, they emit the extra energy as light.
    However, if higher-energy configurations predominate (a
    condition known as population inversion), spontaneously
    emitted photons are more likely to stimulate further
    emissions, generating a cascade of photons. Heat alone does
    not produce a population inversion; some process must
    selectively excite the atoms or molecules. Typically, this is
    done by illuminating the laser material with bright light or by
    passing an electric current through it.

    Einstein recognized that this emission could be produced in


    two ways. Usually, discrete packets of light known as
    photons are emitted spontaneously, without outside
    intervention.
    Laser beam characteristics
    Laser light generally differs from other light in being
    focused in a narrow beam, limited to a narrow range of
    wavelengths (often called “monochromatic”), and
    consisting of waves that are in phase with each other.
    These properties arise from interactions between the
    process of stimulated emission, the resonant cavity,
    and the laser medium.

    Stimulated emission produces a second photon


    identical to the one that stimulated the emission, so the
    new photon has the same phase, wavelength, and
    direction—that is, the two are coherent with respect to
    each other, with peaks and valleys in phase.
    Types of lasers
    Crystals, glasses, semiconductors, gases, liquids,
    beams of high-energy electrons, and even gelatin
    doped with suitable materials can generate laser
    beams.
    THANK YOU

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