Effectiveness of Modular

Distance Learning as a
tool for Learning
Enhancement of SHS
Students of PNHS"
Researcher : VINA B. ALBIA
12-RAMBOYONG GAS-B

Research Teacher : CYRINE M. CABALLERO

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
 INTRODUCTION
» As the COVID-19 Pandemic outbreak arises all over
the world and continues to infect people across the
countries, Government authorities takes action and
imposed lockdown, implementing policies to stay at
home to contain the spread of the virus. Resulting for
every establishment of most service sectors, such as
malls, theaters, parks, leisure place, as well as schools
as an act of effective precaution towards the
contagious disease.
» In response to COVID-19 pandemic, the
Department of Education implemented the modular
distance learning for elementary and high school
student whereas tge kode of instructions is through
the use of learning modules which contains lectures,
activities, and assessments.
» The learning modules contains diagnostic test and
summative assessments in order to assess the prior
knowledge of the learners as well the acquired
knowledge at the end of each unit or section of the
subject.
» Unlike the tradional classroom setting, students
are expected to monitor and guide the learning
process by the help of the answer keys.

»The answers for the activities and assessment are

provided and usually appears at the last page of each
modules.These contents of the modules serve as a
complete guide of both teacher's and student's
competencies expected in every subject.
» In relation to this, Pinaglabanan National High School
also adapted the learning modality whereas the
curriculum became favorable with the COVID-19
restrictions and limited public interactions.Resulting for
the learners to acquire academic learning while in
lockdown using these modules without taking the risk of
getting infected by the virus.

» The effectiveness of this modules is the primary

concern of the researcher . Lack of knowledge and
awareness on how the student respond to the modules is
something that need assessment,that is why the
researcher would like to conduct this study to find out
how modules contribute to learning process and
acquisition of knowledge and skills of students.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
This study will be conducted to identify the effectiveness
of the modules for the learning enhancement of the SHS
students of Pinaglabanan National High School.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:
1.What are the profile of the students in terms of:
a. Age ?
b. Sex ?
c. Guardian's Educational Background ?
2. What are the effects of Distance modular learning
on students' studying behaviour?

3.What are the implications of modular distance

learning to the students' academic performance?
ASSUMPTION
This study assumed that :

1. There is different profile of the students in terms of

age, sex, and guardian's educational background.

2. There are effects of distance modular learning on

students' studying behaviour.

3. There are implications of distance modular learning

to the students.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study will be entitled " Effectiveness of Modular
Distance Learning as a tool for Learning Enhancement
of SHS Students of PHS " and will be conducted at
Pinaglabanan National High School for the school year
2020-2021.

The respondents of this study will be composed of

randomly selected 50 Senior High School students of
Pinaglabanan National High School. They were chosen
for their capability of assessing themselves in connection
with effective use of modules to their academics.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
This study is significant to the following:

Students. This study will provide information on how

to cope up with modular learning and be able to
realize the importance of these modules.

Teachers. This study will help them to know the

struggles of the learners and therefore help them to
cope up with the situation. Thus, additional
intervention may be applied to help the learners.
 Parents. This study will help them to understand the
value of modular learning and therefore support their
siblings to suffice the challenges of modular learning.

Administrator. This study will provide information on

the effectiveness of modular distance learning so that
they will implement intervention if needed.

Other Researchers. This study will provide necessary

information related to other topics associated with
the effectiveness of the use of educational modules.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The researcher operationally defined several terms
related in this study.

Assessment. It is conceptually defined as the wide

variety of methods or tools that educators use to
evaluate, measure, and document tge academic
readiness, learning progress, skill acquisition, or
educational needs of students. In this study,
assessments specifically refer to the part of the
modules which are being answered by the students.
 Effectiveness. It is conceptually defined as the
degree of how effective the use of modules to
students' learning is.

Lockdown. It is conceptually defined as the situation

in which people are not allowed to go outside their
houses. Lockdown hes been imposed to contain the
spread of the virus.

Modules. It is conceptually defined as the learning

materialss prepared by Department of Education for
the students to study at home.
 Modular Distance Learning. It is conceptually
definedas the features individualized instruction
that allows learners to use self-learning modules
in printed format.

Pandemic. It is conceptually defined as an

epidemic occuring worldwide like Covid-19,
affecting a large number of people.

School. It is conceptually defined as the place for

teaching and learning where students acquire
knowledge and skills.
LOCALE OF THE STUDY
This study will be conducted among 3 nearby barangay
such as Hiwacloy, Pinaglabanan and Abucayan in the
municipality of Goa, where some Senior High School
students of Pinaglabanan National High School are
currently living. The researcher will be conducting an
interview and survey through the use of internet or
face-to-face survey according the availability of the
respondent.Hence, the primary choice is by the use of
internet for safety precautions. The researcher will be
randomly choosing 50 Senior High School students of
Pinaglabanan National High School.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature
and Studies
This chapter allows the researcher to present the
survey of both local and foreign related literatures
and studies.
 According to Lachica (2020), both modular
distance learning and online classes has difficulties in
terms of meeting the expected learning outcomes of
the students.
In modular distance learning, the guidance on how
knowledge can be instilled in the minds of each
learner. Unlike face to face classes, the teachers can
track and control the learning progress of each
students. Online classes on the other hand is not
favorable to those who are residing in the locations
with poor internet connection , so this hamper
academic improvement of the learners. It is said that
learners learn the most if they actively participating in
classroom discussion which is different from online
classes and modular distance learning.
 Magsambol (2020) , reported that Department of
Education will implement reopening pf classes in the
middle of Covid-19 pandemic whereas the
presentation of policies, possible cons and difficulties.
In addition, students are reminded that
homeschooling might be an option at this time, where
everyone is advised to stay home to curb the
pandemic.
 According to Sornito (2020), it is not the students
only who find it challenging to study in a modular
distance learning, the schools are also struggling
with the production and distribution of learning
modules where elsewhere are struggling to
reproduce the learning materials that is primary
source of information of tye learners while
lockdown.
 According to Gautam (2020), online class is more
efficient than modular distance learning since the
teachers has efficient way to deliver lessons to
students. Online learning has a number of tools as
part of their lesson plans along with real-time video
conferencing, which benefits students as they can
instantly ask the teacher and recieve answers unlike
modular learning.
 According to Mean-Chin (2020), it's not true that
students cannot inquire regarding complex modules
which in fact, modular distance learning offers open
communication between the teacher to students
and/or teacher to parents/guardians is also part of
the norm.
 Despite of the difficulties of the students and
teachers with these learning modalities, Bijeesh
(2021), gave the advantages and disadvantages of
distance learning wherein she mentioned that
distance learning pffer advantages such as saving
time , since students are no longer need to ride
going to school. Students can study anywhere and
anytime at home and manage their time at their
own pace. However, she discussed the possibility of
distractions among students since there is no
classmates and teachers to constantly remind them
on school-related tasks to do, the chances of getting
distracted and losing track of deadlines are high.
 There are studies that analyzed the learning of
students in blended learning, factors such as learning
environment setting influence focus.Since majority of
students learn depending on environment, ideal
houses are thpse free from household chores.
Another factor that affect the eagerness of the
students to study is the appropriateness and well-
designed modules and communication tasks that
align with learning objectives of the course may be a
way forward tp enhance academic retention. Further,
the designs pf learning modules in blended and online
learning shown to have a significant impact on
students' behaviour and outcomes ( Rientes &
Toentenel, 2016).
 The study of Badunenko, et al. (2020) revealed
the positive impact of modular learning to the
students where tgey explained that modular
education os likely to be an effective policy to
tackle school drop-out and reduce the ethnic
attainment gap.Aditionally, students enrolled in
modular education are more limely to he
employed and to incur higher earnings on the
labor market. Once that the student gained
knowledge and met the expected learning
outcomes in each modules, the student are having
a stepping stone to level up learning and improve
themselves to become a productive graduate.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
This theory simply explained that before expecting
students to reach their potential, teachers need to
meet students at their current levels. Maslow's
Hierarchy of Needs is a popular motivation theory that
is widely reffered to in educational circles. In this
theory, Abraham Maslow suggested that before
individuals meet their full potential, they need to
satusfy a series of needs in apl particular learning
environment.
 However , students of Pinaglabanan National
High School are learning through modular distance
learning which is different from the traditional
classrom retting. In order to activate students' full
potential, these modules must contain
appropriate lesson and must be effective in
learning enhancement.
Meaningful Learning Model
In Ausubel's view, to learn meaningfully ,
studentsmust relate new knowledge (concepts and
propositions) to what they already know.He
proposed the notion of an advanced organizer as a
way to help students link their ideas with new
material or concepts. Ausubel's theory of learning
claims that new concepts to be learned can be
incorporated into more inclusive concepts or ideas.
 In connection with this study, the students'
learning acquisition depends on the format of the
modules and its content. Ideally, the learners that
encounter graphical representations of topics for
their modules are more likely to learn meaningfully
and therefore it is the time when modular distance
learning became effective.
Cognitive Learning Theory
The cognitive learning theory looks at the way
people think. Mental processes are important part in
understanding how we learn. The cognitive theory
understands that learners can be influenced by both
internal and external elements.
This theory explained that acquisition of learning
may be affected by internal and external factors.
In the modular distance learning, external factors
are the use of modules, wherein the learnings
depend on the design and content of each modules.
 On the other hand, internal factor is the attitude of
the learners towards each module. Both the
modules and the behaviour o the learners are
interconnected to determine the effectiveness of
modular distance learning in learning enhancement
of the learners.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
From the theories stated above, the researcher was
able to formulate the conceptual framework which
employed the approach using
input, process, and output.
 Input Process Output

Experience Assess the

Data gathering effectiveness of
on modular through survey
distance modular
questionnaire distance
learning and interview learning

Feedback

Suggested school program to help the students to cope

up and survive modular learning modality

Figure 1. Conceptual
Paradigm of the Study
 Input. The input of thos study is the use of modular
learning in distance education and behaviour of the
students towards the modules.

Process. The process includes data gathering through

survey questionnaire from te respondents followed by
analyzing and interpretation to determine how modules
influence behaviour and its implication to the students.

Output. The expected output of this study is to reveal

the effects of modules to the behaviour of the learners
and therefore be able to assess the effectiveness of
modular distance learning to the development of the
learners.
THEORITICAL
FRAMEWORK
As stated from the theories, the researcher was able
to formulate theoritical framework showing how
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Cognitive learning
theory as well as Ausubel's theory which known as
Meaningful Learning Model shows an impact
whereas it affects on the effectiveness of modular
distance learning as a tool for learning
enhancement of Senior High School students of
Pinagalabanan National High School.
 Cognitive Masl
's
Learning Theory Heira ow's
rchy
s l ow Ne e d of
Ma chy of -understands -expl s
rar ained
Hei eeds als that learners can befor
N id u e exp that
div ull stude e
nts to cting
or e in
ir f be influenced by
-bef et the they t
reach
me ntial, fy a
e s
both internal and poten eir h
tial,te
pot to sati s in external factors ne e d ache
d ed rs
nee s of ne rning stude to meet
e a nt
seri cular le ent curre s at their
nt lev
parti vironm m els
en raha
(Ab ,1943
) (Jean Piaget, (Abra
ham
M a slow 1936) Masl
ow,1
9 43 )

EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING AS A TOOL FOR

LEARNING ENHAMCEMENT OF SHS STUDENTS OF PNHS

Figure 2. Theoritical Paradigm of the study

 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter allows the researcher to discuss the
research method to be used.
 RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will be using descriptive-qualitative design

in presenting the data from the respondents. Through
descriptive design, the researcher will be able to
present in descriptive way on how effective are the
modules in enhancing learning of Senior High School
student
RESPONDENTS OF THE
STUDY
This study will be using quota sampling technique
in choosing the respondents of this study. Senior
High School students were chosen because of their
capacity and ability to assess and share information
related to their experience in modular distance
learning. A tofal of 50 students will be randomly
selected to be part of this study.
DATA GATHERING TOOLS
This study will be using questionnaire and
interview to gather data from the respondents.

Questionnaire. The researcher formulated survey

questionnaire in order to assess the knowledge of
the students woth regards to their experience on
modular distance learning.
The questionnaire will contain profile of the
students , questions, and table to be answered by
the respondents.
 This questionnaire will be delivered through
Facebook messenger or any available means as long
as the reasercher and the respondents are following
health protocol without violating COVID-19
restrictions.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
OF DATA
The data to be gathered will be statistically treated
using percentage along with the use of tables with
frequency distribution and percentage for the
responses in the questionnaire. While Thematic
Approach will be used in analyzing the responses in
the interview.

Thematic Approach. This approach will be used by

the researcher so that the responses in the interview
will be categorize and properly analyze.
 Frequency Distribution. This will be used in order to determine
tge frequency of responses in each question in the questionnaire

Percentage. Percentage Distribution will be used to determine

the percentage for data be gathered. This will be applied to the
table so that the presentation of data contains percentage of how
common are the responses.

Formula :
%=f/n x 100

Where F is the Frequency, N is the number of respondents, and

100 is constant.
 SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRE
-CONSIST OF STUDENTS' PROFILE, QUESTIONS, AND
TABLE TO BE ANSWERED BY THE RESPONDENTS.
I. Personal Information
Name (Optional): Year and Section:

Age: Sex:

Guardians Educational Background:

II . Modular Distance Learning
Experience
1. How often do you use or answer your modules?
2. About how many hours do you study your
module in a daily basis?
3. How many modules do you have?
4. Who answers your module?
5. Can you study at your own home?
6. Who helps you to answer your modules?
7. What other resources do you need in
accomplishing your tasks required in the modules?

8. In terms of difficulty, in the scale of 1-10, how

difficult it is to answer modules?

9. What is the most difficult part of the modular

distance learning?

10. Do you prefer face to face class rather than

modular distance learning?
 III. Implication
YES NO
1. Do you like modular
distance learning?

2. Do you read the lessons

in your module?

3. Do you understand the

lessons in your module?

4. Do you think you can

acquire learnings in your
module?
5. Do you like answering
modules?
THANK YOU !!