30-31 Water Hammering
30-31 Water Hammering
30-31 Water Hammering
Hammer?
◉ Water Hammer is the term used tо refer tо а noise that іѕ produced іn
water pipes, when the water flow іѕ turned off suddenly.
◉ Thе noise іѕ similar tо one that іѕ produced when ѕоmеthіng hits with
а hammer, giving the name ‘water hammer’.
The rise in pressure in some cases may be so large that the pipe may even burst.
Therefore it is essential to take into account this pressure rise in the design of the
pipes.
Instantaneous closure of valve in rigid pipe
◉ When the valve is closed instantaneously (i-e t=0) the inertia head should rise to
infinity.
◉ However, in practice, it is not possible to close the valve instantaneously as it
always takes some time.
◉ Thus even for a very rapid closure of the valve, as observed during experiments,
the pressure rise is quite finite and measurable.
Water hammer in Pipes
- the velocity at which the pressure wave moves in the fluid and is
also referred to as the velocity of sound.
Water hammer in Pipes
2L
(ii) The closure of value is said be to instantaneous when t <
C
P = 3 x 105 Kg/m2
(ii) Rise in Pressure P:
Time taken to close the value, t = 2.5 seconds
Bulk modulus of water (K) = kg/m2
Velocity of pressure wave is given by:
C = = = 1414.2 m/sec
2L 2x3000
The ratio, 4.24 Seconds
C 1414.2
2L
t , Thus the value closed instantaneously (For rigid
C pipe)
Now, rise in pressure