Reproduction in Non Flowering Plants

REPRODUCTION
IN
NON-
FLOWERING
PLANTS
Lesson outcomes:
1. Describe how spore bearing and cone bearing plants reproduce

2. Distinguished reproduction in spore and cone bearing plants
Mosses
 are small green plants with stem like and leaf like parts. They are a few centimeters
tall with root like structures that anchor the plant to the surface. These plants grow in
moist places and forest floors and form dense mats on the ground especially during
the rainy season.
How do mosses spread on the ground?
Moss can spread in different ways; spore dispersal through wind and insects,
fragmentation and shoot growth. Fragmentation: Just a tiny part of moss can
develop into a larger plant and spread over time to cover a large area.
 Other than mosses, there are many kinds of fern in moist places and even in
home and school gardens. They grow fast and plentiful during the rainy
season.
Conifers
 such as pine that grow in cold places like Baguio do not bear flowers. They
have cones that are sometimes used as Christmas tree decors. They are fast
growing tall trees with needle-like evergreen leaves.
Fern
 Ferns are plants that do not have flowers. Ferns generally reproduce by
producing spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and
leaves. However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds;
instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can
reproduce vegetatively, as exemplified by the walking fern.
Life Cycle of Mosses
There are two stages that mosses go through in their life cycle. The
first stage is haploid (gametophyte) and the second stage is diploid
(sporophyte), change is known as the alternation of generations.
This unique reproductive cycle starts when two male and female
gametophytes, sexually reproduce.
Life Cycle of Conifers
In the life cycle of a conifer, the sporophyte (2n) phase is the

longest phase. The gametophytes (1n), microspores and
megaspores, are reduced in size. This phase may take more
than one year between pollination and fertilization while the
pollen tube grows towards the megasporocyte (2n), which
undergoes meiosis into megaspores. The megaspores will
mature into eggs(1n).
Life Cycle of Fern
The life cycle of the fern has two different stages; sporophyte,
which releases spores, and gametophyte, which releases
gametes. Gametophyte plants are haploid, sporophyte plants
diploid. This type of life cycle is called alternation of
generations.
Plant Reproduction: Non-Flowering
Plants
Plants need to reproduce to maintain their species on Earth. Some plants, like mosses, ferns, and
pine trees, do not bear flowers for reproduction. Mosses produce spores enclosed in capsules,
which germinate and grow into mature plants found in moist places like flower pots, brick walls,
forest floors, and river banks. In mature plants, sex organs produce egg or sperm cells, and
fertilization may occur to produce a zygote that grows into a young plant. Mosses have parts that
develop spore and sex cells, and reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Ferns are plants that produce spores on leaflets, which germinate into heart-shaped
gametophytes that produce female and male sex cells. Fertilized, these zygotes grow into
young, spore-bearing plants. Ferns are important in home decorations, landscaping, and
floral arrangements. They are also used in salads as fiddleheads, with newly formed leaves
being eaten as salads.
Conifers, like the pine trees, generally are found in places like Baguio and cold countries.
They have needle-like leaves and produce seeds in cones of mature plants. There are
smaller male and bigger female cones that contain the reproductive cells. The seeds are
naked or not enclosed by a fruit wall. When the seeds are released by the female cones,
these germinate in moist soil. Pine trees are sources of lumber, ornamental plants in parks
and Christmas decors. The relatives of pines include the giant redwood tree (tallest and
largest plant on earth) and bristlecone pine (the oldest plant more than 5000 yrs. Old),
cycads and ginkgo.
Identify the following:
1. _______ are small green plants with stem like and leaf like parts. They are a few
centimeters tall with root like structures that anchor the plant to the surface.
2. _______ such as pine that grow in cold places like Baguio do not bear flowers. They
have cones that are sometimes used as Christmas tree decors.
3. _______ are plants that do not have flowers. Generally reproduce by producing
spores. Similar to flowering plants, have roots, stems and leaves.
4. _______ These plants grow in moist places and forest floors and form dense mats on
the ground especially during the rainy season.
REFERENCE: https://www.britannica.com
THANKYOU!

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REPRODUCTION

1. Describe how spore bearing and cone bearing plants reproduce

In the life cycle of a conifer, the sporophyte (2n) phase is the

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