CSO Olympiad Book For Class 4
CSO Olympiad Book For Class 4
CSO Olympiad Book For Class 4
1. Plants ........................................................................................................................ 5
2. Animals ................................................................................................................... 17
3. Food........................................................................................................................ 27
4. Clothing ................................................................................................................... 36
CREST Olympiads is one of the largest Olympiad Exams with students from more than 25 countries.
The objective of these exams is to build a competitive spirit while evaluating students on conceptual
understanding of the concepts.
We strive to provide a superior learning experience, and this workbook is designed to complement
the school studies and prepare the students for various competitive exams including the CREST
Olympiads. This workbook provides a crisp summary of the topics followed by the practice questions.
These questions encourage the students to think analytically, to be creative and to come up with
solutions of their own. There are a couple of previous year papers given at the end of this workbook
for the students to attempt after completing the syllabus. This paper should be attempted in 1 hour to
get an assessment of the student’s preparation for the final exam.
Publishers
Chapter Plants
1
There are many plants around us. Some are big while some are small. A plant has two main parts-
the root and the shoot.
• Root – The part of the plant that grows under the ground is called the root.
• Shoot – The upper part of the plant that bears stem, branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and
fruits is called shoot.
Root System
Roots give support to the plant and absorbs water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil for the plant.
They hold the plant firmly to the soil. We eat the roots of carrot, radish, beetroot, turnip, and sweet
potato.
Shoot System
Stem
Stem is the main part of the shoot. It bears branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits. Some plants
have a very hard, thick, and woody stem called the trunk. Different plants have different types of
stems.
a. Tall, big with hard and thick brown stems called trees have many branches and stand erect.
Trees, like coconut tree, banyan tree etc., have very strong stems.
b. Shrubs like bougainvillea, jasmine, hibiscus and rose are smaller than trees and have soft
and woody stems. They are medium in size and live for several years. Shrubs grow bushy as
the branches are grown near the ground level.
c. Herbs such as basil, mint and coriander have soft and green stems. They are short in size
and can only survive for one or two seasons.
d. Creepers and Climbers have very weak stems. These stems cannot hold the plant upright.
Creepers like watermelon and pumpkin grows along the ground and climbers like grapevine,
pea plant and money plant need support of other plants, sticks or walls to stand straight.
Stems help to keep the plant straight and upright. It helps in carrying water from the roots to the
leaves and food from the leaves to the different parts of the plant. We eat the stems of potato,
ginger, turmeric, and sugarcane.
Leaf
Leaf prepares food for the plant. The leaf is also known as the food factory of the plant. They are of
different shapes and sizes.
Leaf Structure
1. Leaf blade: It is the flat broad surface of the leaf. It traps the maximum amount of sunlight.
2. Midrib: The midrib or the main vein is the line that runs along the centre of the leaf blade. The
veins are small tubes that supply water brought by the stem and branches to all the parts of
the leaf.
3. Stomata: The leaves have minute pores or openings called stomata. There are more stomata
on the lower surface of the leaf which is clearly visible under the microscope. Stomata helps
in the gaseous exchange for the photosynthesis process.
4. Petiole: The petiole or the leaf stalk attaches the leaf blade to the stem. It helps in the supply
of food and water, similar to the stem.
5. Stipule: They are small leaf-like pair that are found at the base of the petiole of many
flowering plants.
Photosynthesis
The process by which leaves make their own food is called photosynthesis. ‘Photo’ means light and
‘synthesis’ means to put together.
Green plants make their own food with the help of the green pigment in leaves called chlorophyll.
When sunlight falls on the leaves the energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll.
Water is absorbed by the roots of the plant and carried by the stem to the leaves.
Carbon dioxide is taken in by the tiny openings present on the surface of the leaf called stomata.
The end product of Photosynthesis process is oxygen and water that exit from the surface of the
leaves through the stomata. Food prepared by the leaf is stored as simple sugar or glucose. The
excess sugar is converted into starch and stored in different plant parts. Water loss from the leaves is
called transpiration.
Adaptations in Plants
Plants grow everywhere- on mountain slopes, in deserts, on ocean beds, in plains and in river
valleys. They adapt themselves to the place they live in.
Plants that grow on the land are called terrestrial plants and plants that live in water are called
aquatic plants. We find different kinds of plants in different natural surroundings. Plants adjust to their
surroundings by making a few changes in themselves. The natural process by which plants adjust to
their surroundings is called adaptations.
Terrestrial Plants
There are different types of terrestrial plants:
2. Plants in Plains:
• In the plains, the plants can bear the heat and give shade in summer. These plants
growing in plains have more space. They have lots of branches and leaves. Their
leaves are flat. Trees shed their leaves in winter.
• They receive sufficient rainfall.
• Examples- Mango, Banyan, Sal, Rosewood
3. Plants in Deserts:
• Near the seashore where the river enters the sea, lie the marshy areas. In marshy
lands, the soil is clayey and covered with water. The plants that grow here are called
mangroves. These plants are adapted to live in the soil that is soaked in water.
• These plants have roots that grow above the soil. Since the soil is full of water, the
roots do not get air to breathe. Roots grow out of the soil surface to breathe. Such
roots are called breathing roots or pneumatophores.
Some of the trees which grow in plains shed their leaves in autumn or winter. Trees that shed their
leaves in autumn are called deciduous trees. These trees have a lot of branches. For example,
Teak, Sal, Maple.
Trees that do not shed their leaves are called evergreen trees. They have many leaves and remain
green throughout the year. Mahogany and Rosewood are examples of evergreen trees.
1. Floating Plants – They are small and light weight. They are usually spongy. Their roots are
not fixed to the soil, so they float on water. Duckweed, water lettuce and water hyacinth are
three floating plants.
2. Fixed Plants – Some plants like lotus and water lily have roots fixed in the mud at the bottom
of the pond. Their thin, long, hollow, and flexible stems support the large leaves and flowers
that float on the surface of the water. Leaves are broad and have wax coating. The stomata
are present on the upper surface of the leaf that help in exchange of gases easily.
3. Underwater Plants – Some plants like hydrilla, tape grass, and pondweed grow under water.
Their roots are fixed to the soil or the bottom of shallow ponds and rivers. These plants have
long, ribbon-like narrow leaves. Their leaves have no stomata at all. These underwater plants
breathe through their body surface.
Seed Dispersal
Seed dispersal is the method by which a plant scatters its offspring away from the parent plant.
Seeds need to be dispersed to have the best chance of growing into a new plant and reduce the
competition for space, light, nutrients, and water.
Practice Questions
1. Find the ODD one out from below given group of trees:
a. b.
Deodar Sal
c. d.
Rosewood Banyan
a. b.
Sundew Bougainvillea
c. d.
3. In the pictures given below we can see the seeds of dandelion and orchid.
Identify the agent of seed dispersal from the given options.
Dandelion Orchid
a. Wind b. Animals
c. Fruits burst with a sudden jerk d. Water
4. Look at the given classification table. Select the option that correctly identifies the headings M
and N:
5. Search the name of a free-floating aquatic plant from the wonder box given below:
D M E D W T R S V
O G A C E L U N K
7. In the following four groups of plant parts that we eat, one member is the ODD one out. Select
the option in which the odd member is underlined INCORRECTLY:
8. Students have a pack of cards to organise into groups. Each card has a picture of a different
object. The cards that belong to group are shown below:
a. b.
Rice Corn
c. d.
Grass Fir
10. Study the given relationship based on the seed dispersal method and select the option that
satisfies the same relationship:
Pea: Poppy
a. Balsam: Bean b. Burdock: Dandelion
c. Coconut: Lotus d. Cocklebur: Maple
11. Select the correct option from below which on unscrambling gives the name of an
insectivorous plant:
a. U W S N D E b. A H L I D Y L R
c. C R E P S U d. E D O D R A
a. D and F b. E and G
c. D and E d. F and G
13. Study the given classification chart carefully and select the option which contains the aquatic
plants that can be placed at X, Y and Z:
a. Mustard b. Coriander
c. Clove d. Both a and c
a. The trees are tall, straight, and thin. b. The trees are conical in shape.
c. The leaves have waxy coating. d. The leaves are broad and fleshy.
Which of the following characteristic is common to all the above two plants?
17. Which of the following shows the correct match of seed and its mode of dispersal?
a. Cocklebur Animal
b. Dandelion Water
c. Blackberry Explosion
d. Coconut Wind
18. Consider the two statements and choose the correct option:
Statement I: The leaf blade traps the maximum amount of sunlight.
Statement II: The stipule is the part of the leaf that attaches the leaf blade to the stem.
L E A F S U P
S T A R L F Y
G L U C O S E
M O O N D H G
E A R U O I Z
O X Y G E N X