Organic Compounds

Organic
compounds
 In chemistry the term organic
describes chemical compounds that
contain carbon and the other
elements such as hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus.
 When two or more elements are combined
together it is called COMPOUNDS can be
classified into main groups ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS that contain carbon and
usually bonded to hydrogen, oxygen,
sulfur and nitrogen,phosphorus and the
second one is the ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS while most of it do not
contain carbon atom in them.
EXAMPLES: Organic compounds
 We have glucose or
sugar that we use in
our food
 Alcohol that we use specially
nowadays in the midst of
pandemic, lets make it a habut to
sanitize our hands and to was our
hands to prevent viruses in entering
our body
EXAMPLES: Inorganic compounds
 Water or h2o our bodies are
compose of mostly water and its
necessary for us to survive, water is
an example of inorganic
compounds because it does not
contain both carbon and hydrogen
and it was not formed by a living
organism
 Salt or sodium chloride that we
usually see in our kitchen
 Carbon dioxide even though ut has
a carbon atom it is considered
inorganic compound because it does
not contain both carbon and
hydrogen.
 WE KNEW THAT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE CALLED ORGANIC BECAUSE
THEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LIVING ORGANISM THIS MOLECULES FORM
FROM THE BASIS FOR LIFE AND ARE STUDIED IN GREAT DETAIL IN THE
CHEMISTRY DISCIPLINES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
MOST OF THE FOOD STOPS THAT WE CONSUME EVERY DAY SUCH AS SUGAR
FATS, STARCH, VINEGAR AND ETC. ARE BASICALLY ORGANIC COMPOUND
SEVEN THOUGH THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO MAN
SINCE PREHISTORIC TIMES THEIR STUDY PRACTICALLY BEGAN FROM THE
18TH CENTURY THE TERM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WAS COINED BY Jons Jakob
Berzelius in the year 1807
 There are four main types or classes of organic
compounds found in all living organism these
are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
in addition there are other organic compounds
that may be found in or produced by some
organisms all organic compounds contain
carbon usually bonded to hydrogen
TYPES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND
EXAMPLES OF THESE IMPORTANT
MOLECULES
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in carbohydrate
molecules is 2:1. Organisms use carbohydrates as energy sources, structural
units, and for other purposes. Carbohydrates are the largest class of organic
compounds found in organisms.
Carbohydrates are classified according to how many subunits they contain.
Simple carbohydrates are called sugars. A sugar made of one unit is a
monosaccharide. If two units are joined together, a disaccharide is formed.
More complex structures form when these smaller units link to each other to
form polymers. Examples of these larger carbohydrate compounds include
starch and chitin.
Carbohydrate Examples:
Glucose Sucrose (table sugar)
Fructose Chitin
 Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Lipids have a
Lipids higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio than is found in carbohydrates. The
three major groups of lipids are triglycerides (fats, oils, waxes), steroids,
and phospholipids. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids joined to a
molecule of glycerol. Steroids each have a backbone of four carbon rings
joined to each other. Phospholipids resemble triglycerides except there is
a phosphate group in place of one of the fatty acid chains. Lipids are
used for energy storage, to build structures, and as signal molecules to
help cells communicate with each other.
 Lipid Examples:
 Cholesterol
 Paraffin
 Olive oil
 Margarine
 Cortisol
 Estrogen
 Phospholipid bilayer that forms the cell membrane
 Proteins consist of chains of amino acids called peptides. A protein may
Proteins be made from a single polypeptide chain or may have a more complex
structure where polypeptide subunits pack together to form a unit.
Proteins consist of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms. Some
proteins contain other atoms, such as sulfur, phosphorus, iron, copper, or
magnesium. Proteins serve many functions in cells. They are used to build
structure, catalyze biochemical reactions, for immune response, to
package and transport materials, and to help replicate genetic material.
Protein Examples:
Enzymes Myoglobin
Collagen Fibrin
Keratin
Albumin
Hemoglobin
Nucleic Acids
 A nucleic acid is a type of biological polymer made up
of chains of nucleotide monomers. Nucleotides, in turn,
are made up of a nitrogenous base, sugar molecule, and
phosphate group. Cells use nucleic acids to code the
genetic information of an organism.
 Nucleic Acid Examples:
 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

 RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Organic Compounds

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Organic

 Nucleic Acid Examples:

 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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