NMIMS Business and Natural Environment
NMIMS Business and Natural Environment
NMIMS Business and Natural Environment
s&
Society
1
Business and
Society in the
Natural
Environment
2
CHAPTER:4
PRESENTED BY:
DR. URVASHI ANAND OHRI
3
Greener and
Smarter
– Environmental issues
are at the same time
everybody’s problem
and nobody’s problem.
– Human beings are
learning more and
more every day.
– But are we learning
more at a fast enough
pace?
– How can we ensure
that we use resources
efficiently in the face of
externalities?
Externalities in Our Lives
Sustainability
Business that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
Focuses on the creation of a good quality of
life for both current and future generations of
humans and nonhumans.
11
Six Principles of Sustainable Success
13
Forces of Change:
14
The Earth’s Carrying Capacity:
One method of measuring the Earth’s carrying capacity, and how far
human society has overshot it, is called the Ecological
Footprint. This term refers to the amount of land and water a
human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to
absorb its wastes, given prevailing technology.
15
CHANGES IN
EVERY ASPECT IS
REQUIRED
16
Technological innovation
One approach is to develop new technologies to produce energy, food, and
other necessities of human life more efficiently and with less waste. Vast
solar arrays in the desert, offshore wind turbines, or state-of-the-art utilities
could power homes and businesses.
17
Top Ten Environmental Issues
1. Climate Change
2. Energy
3. Water
4. Biodiversity and Land Use
5. Chemicals, Toxics, and Heavy Metals
6. Air Pollution
7. Waste Management
8. Ozone Layer Depletion
9. Oceans and Fisheries
10.Deforestation 18
Climate Change
Climate change
• Also known as global warming
Greenhouse effect
• The prevention of solar heat absorbed by
our atmosphere from returning to space.
21
Biodiversity and Land Use
Biodiversity
• The variation of life forms inside an
ecosystem.
22
Land Use
Land degradation from human use
• Desertification
• Deforestation
• Overgrazing
• Salinization
• Alkalization
• Urban sprawl
23
Chemicals, Toxics and Heavy Metals
Toxic substances
• Chemicals or compounds that may present
an unreasonable threat to human health and
the environment.
• Two main problems:
1. We are not always aware of the effects of
exposure to chemicals.
2. Toxic substances can be associated with
industrial accidents, causing unforeseen
widespread biological damage.
24
Air Pollution
25
Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion
• Ozone is harmful near the surface of the
earth, but vital in the atmosphere.
• It blocks dangerous ultraviolet radiation
from the sun.
• Decrease in stratospheric ozone comes
from human use of CFCs and other
chemicals.
26
Oceans and Fisheries
Watershed
• An area that drains to a common waterway.
• Business activities are associated with
significant damage to a number of coastal
ecosystems, including salt marshes,
mangrove swamps, estuaries, and coral reefs.
• The oceans are running out of fish to meet
human needs.
• Conservation efforts have helped some
species recover.
27