CA L4 - Part 1
CA L4 - Part 1
CA L4 - Part 1
Analysis (1)
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Introduction
If you are given the following circuit, how can we determine
(1) the voltage across each resistor
(2) current through each resistor
(3) power generated by each current source, etc.
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Node-Voltage Method (NVM)
1. Find the essential nodes.
2. Define one essential node as the reference node.
3. Define the node voltages (voltage rise from reference node
to non-reference node). Label them.
4. Apply KCL for each non-reference essential node. Use
Ohm’s law to express the branch currents in terms of node
voltages.
5. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to obtain the
unknown node voltages.
6. NVM with dependent source: Write an equation for each
current or voltage upon which dependent sources depend
(Constraint equation).
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Some basic definitions:
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Notes: NVM with Voltage Source
Rd Rb -Is
2 1
+ I12 + I10
Vs Rc V2 VR1a Is
- -
V1 V 1 V
Use Ohm’s Law: 0I s 2
a bR R
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Rd 2 Rb 1
V2 Vs V2 V2 V1
Use Ohm’s Law: 0
Rd Rc Rb
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Example 4.2:
10 2 10 1
+ +
120 V V2 40 V1 8A
- -
V1 VV
1 2
KCL@1: 08
30 10
V2 120 V2 V2 V1
KCL@2: 0
10 40 10
Answer: V1 150V, V2 120V 10
Exercise 4.1:
Answer: P5Ω=7.2W
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1 2
+ +
V1 V2
- -
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Exercise 4.3:
Basic steps:
1. Take off voltage source in supernode and apply KCL to
supernodes (supernode equation)
2. Put voltage sources back to the nodes and apply KVL to
relate the voltage source and the two node voltages.
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Example 4.4:
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Exercise 4.4:
Use Node-Voltage Method to find power developed by the
20V source.
Answer: 602.5 W
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