A Summer Training Presentation on

ISDN
Presented by:Surendra Kumar

Roll No. 2902713006

THE ORGANIZATION:
MTNL was set up on 1st April, 1986 by the Government of India. MTNL upgrade the quality of telecom services, expand the telecom network, and introduce new services in Indias key metros - Delhi, the political capital and Mumbai, the business capital of India. The company has taken rapid strides to emerge as Indias leading and one of Asias largest telecom operating companies. Besides having a strong financial base, MTNL has achieved a customer base of 90 million as on 31st March 2011.

THE ORGANIZATION:- MISSION

To remain market leader in providing world class Telecom and IT related services at affordable prices and to become a global player. To expand customer base and services. To provide latest technology and services to the customers, at affordable prices. To achieve the highest level of customer satisfaction and delight. To diversify in other areas for providing telecom services at national and international levels. To provide convergence of Telecom, Information Technology and related services. To improve productivity by training and redeployment of man-power.

ISDN?

ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network is a type of circuit switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires that gives good quality and high speeds. ISDN is a fixed-wire end-to-end digital telecommunications networks. Used for voice, image and data

ISDN PROTOCOLS
E - series for Telephone network and ISDN I - series for ISDN concepts, aspects and interfaces

ISDN AND OSI MODEL

Layer 1 - Physical (2B1Q) Layer 2 - Data Link (Q.920 - Q.923) Layer 3 - Network (Q.930 - Q.939)

FUNDAMENTALS

Types of channels

Bearer channel (B-channel=64 kb/s) for data transmission. Delta channel (D-channel=16 kb/s or 64 kb/s) for call signaling information:
who is calling type of call calling what number

Types of service
Basic Rate Interface (2 B channels (64 kb/s) + 1 D channel (16 kb/s)) (2*64+16=144). Primary Rate Interface (30 B channels (64 kb/s) + 1 D channel (64 kb/s)) (30*64+64=1984).

ADVANTAGES OF ISDN

Digital

reliable connection

Speed
128 kb/s (160 kb/s) for BRI 1920 kb/s (2048 kb/s) for PRI

Fast call setup

2 seconds

Bandwidth on Demand

adding new channels to the bundle of channels

phone, fax, PC, videoconferencing system, router, terminal adapter,.. each with its own sub-address

Multiple devices

INTERFACES AND DEVICES

ISDN devices

TE1
4W S/T interface TE2 Analog devices: phone, Fax,... TA Rate adaptation 2W U interface

NT1

INTERFACES AND DEVICES

Interfaces

S/T (4w) U (2w)

NT1- Network Terminator1 for Translating signal at the ref. point T for the network. NT2- Allows the multiple connection of Terminal Equipment to ISDN. TE1 Terminal Equipment1 ISDN devices TE2 - analog devices (need TA) TA - Terminal Adapter (rate adaptation (V.110, V.120)

Devices

ISDN ARCHITECTURE
Subscriber premises

Network
>64kbps non-switched capabilities >64kbps switched capabilities 64kbps ckt non-switched capabilities

Subscriber interface to ISDN

Terminal equipment (TE)

Digital subscriber loop to C. O.

Network Termination (NT)

ISDN switch

>64kbps ckt switched capabilities

ISDN switch

Subscriber site or service provider

Packet switched capabilities

User-network signaling

Frame mode capabilities Commonchannel signaling capabilities

User-network signaling

TRANSMISSION STRUCTURE
B Channel: 64 kbps D Channel: 16 or 64 kbps H Channel: 384 (H0), 1536 (H1), or 1920 (H12) kbps Basic Rate Interface Primary Rate Interface

ISDN CHANNEL STRUCTURES

B
Information:
Voice, Data

B
Basic Service:
Basic Management rate: 192 kbps Standard throughput: 144 kbps Composition: B + B + D channels, + Synch & framing Primary

Signaling:
Overhead or telemetry, etc.

B B PCM voice
channels

Primary Service:

Rate: 1.544/2.048 Mbps Composition: 2.048 Mbps: 30 B at 64 kbps each 2 D at 64 kbps 1.544 Mbps: 23 B at 64 kbps each 1 D at 64 kbps

B D Signaling

USING ISDN FOR IP DATA NETWORKS

Characteristics

Speed Fast call setup Bandwidth on Demand

Modes of Usage
Dial Up (LAN or host) Bandwidth on Demand Backup lines Permanent connections

DIAL UP

Providers need:

Subscribe for PRI connections or multiple BRI connections ISDN Access Server subscribe for BRI connection ISDN Adapter

Users need for host connections:

Users need for LAN connections

subscribe for PRI or BRI connection ISDN router (commercial, PC version with ISDN Adapter,..).

DIAL-UP - PRIVATE
Internet
ISDN Access server

ISDN connection Telephone Network

PC with internal or external ISDN adapter

ISDN connection

DIAL-UP - LAN
Internet
ISDN Access Server LAN ISDN connection Telephone Network ISDN connection ISDN router

ISDN ACCESS SERVERS

Digital modems (accepting analog and ISDN calls)

software busy-out feature

56 kb/s technologies Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication) BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol) Controlling the number of B-channels per user D-channel based callback CLIP - Caller Line Identification Presentation.

56 K TECHNOLOGY
Analog line Digital line
Telephone switch

Access server

Telephone switch

Modem

<= 33,6 kbps

Telephone switch

Modem

Access server

Modem

<= 56 kbps <= 33,6 kbps

ISDN, E1,..

56 K PREREQUISITES

Only one analogue/digital conversion

less noise and faster digital lines

Digital Access Server Same technology in Access Server and in dial-up modem

K56Flex from Lucent Technologies and Rockwell X2 from U.S. Robotics, Texas Instruments and Cirrus Logic V.90 - ITU-T standard (to be confirmed in 9/98)

56 K CONSIDERATIONS

56 k not reached in reality

45 kbps practical maximum

Cost for upgrading equipment to ITU-T standard

ISDN ADAPTERS
Internal/external Active/passive (for internal) Integrated NT Plug for telephone line Integrated modem Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication)

ISDN ROUTERS
Integrated

NT Plug for telephone line Integrated modem Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication) PPP Multilink Compression Traffic management

BACKUP LINES
Router to router connections ISDN call setup when leased line overloaded

BANDWIDTH ON DEMAND
Router to router connections ISDN call setup when leased line fails

ORDERING ISDN CONNECTIONS

With or without NT1 Type of NT (NT1, NT1+2ab,) Types of B-channels (data, voice, both) Usage of D-channel packet data CLIP (Calling Line Identification Presentation) Standard or comfort services

NATIONAL ISDN VARIATIONS

USA: 5ESS/DMS100/NI-1/NI-2 Europe: NET3 France: VN2/VN3/NET33 Germany: 1TR6/NET3 Japan Australia

THANK YOU