B - Report Study

Introduction:- This paper discusses the role of landscape ecology in
addressing global landscape changes and providing policy-relevant

information for landscape management, design, and policy. It
Landscape ecological emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of landscape ecology,

focusing on spatial patterns, heterogeneity, and their causes and
consequences, integrating natural and social sciences.
concepts in planning Landscape planning, particularly in rural areas, relies on landscape
ecology to resolve conflicts such as urban sprawl versus recreational
values and agricultural production versus nature conservation.
Despite being undertheorized academically, landscape planning is
seen as a political activity involving negotiation and conflict
Anna M. Hersperger, Simona R. Gradinaru, Ana Beatriz resolution. The passage also highlights established planning
PierriDaunt, Carole S. Imhof, Peilei Fan procedures, like Steiner's Ecological Planning Model and Ahern's
Framework Method for Sustainable Ecological Planning, as tools to
integrate landscape ecology into planning.
Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 January 2021 / Published The paper aims to assess recent publications regarding the use of
landscape ecological concepts in planning.
online: 28 January 2021
The Author(s) 2021
Objectives:- The aim of the paper is to identify landscape ecological
concepts that are currently receiving attention in the scientific
literature, analyze the prevalence of these concepts and understand
how these concepts can inform the steps of the planning processes,
from goal establishment to monitoring.
Methodology
Data collection
Four key journals in the field of landscape ecology were selected to conduct the analysis, respectively Landscape Ecology (LE), Landscape Online (LO), Current
Landscape Ecology Reports (CLER), and Landscape and Urban Planning (LUP). The choice was based on the relevance for landscape ecology science and the
clear linkages between landscape science into planning, based on aim and scope descriptions. All articles published in the four journals in the period 2015–2019
were downloaded and served as a basis for the analysis. The five years period was considered long enough to prevent distortions caused by special issues and short
enough to keep the workload manageable.
Identification and prevalence of landscape ecological concepts

The study lacked a predefined list of accepted landscape ecological concepts, so it referred to an early publication to identify relevant concepts for analyzing
landscape ecology and its application to planning. By examining the titles, abstracts, and keywords of papers published, the researchers extracted 39 specific
concepts, topics, and types of landscapes. These concepts were categorized into types such as landscape ecology, ecology, land change science, and
planning/management. Concepts were distinguished from topics and types of landscapes The initial list underwent regrouping, resulting in seven additional
concepts derived from detailed entries in the original list. Subsequently, all papers were subjected to keyword searches to identify the usage of these early and
additional concepts in the literature.
Integration of landscape ecological concepts into planning

The researchers screened articles based on their titles, abstracts, and keywords to identify papers demonstrating the integration of landscape ecological concepts
into planning. Ultimately, 84 papers were retained for analysis, comprising 52 empirical papers and 32 overview papers, which were categorized into reviews,
evaluations, frameworks, and essays. In the analysis of empirical papers, the researchers systematically assessed how landscape ecology concepts were integrated
into each step of the planning cycle. A specific protocol was used to collect data, addressing questions related to the type and level of planning discussed in the
paper, as well as the landscape ecology concepts incorporated into the planning steps. For overview papers, insights regarding the integration of landscape
ecological concepts into planning were synthesized after a careful reading process.
Steps of the planning process used in this study
Goal establishment
Analysis
Alternative options
Preferred plan
Participation and Communication
Implementation
Monitoring
Result:-The concepts Structure, Function, Change, Scale, Landscape as human
experience, Land use, Landscape and ecosystem services, Green infrastructure,
and Landscape resilience were prominently represented in the analyzed literature.
Landscape ecological concepts were most often mentioned in context of the landscape
analysis steps and least in context of goal establishment and monitoring. In the study,
GIS (Geographic Information System) was acknowledged as a concept but excluded
from analysis due to its widespread usage as a tool. Over time, these components have
given rise to various differentiations, forming the basis for quantitative landscape
assessments, including landscape metrics and the emergence of land change science as a
distinct field.
Conclusion:-The current literature spots landscape ecological concepts with great

potential to support landscape planning. However, future studies need to address directly
how these concepts can inform all steps in the planning process.
Urban landscape Introduction:- In the new millennium, there has been a growing
sustainability and interdisciplinary interest in the sustainability and resilience of cities,
especially considering the increasing urban population. Landscape
resilience: the ecologists play a significant role due to their expertise in spatial
dynamics and ecological processes. The concept of urban sustainability
promise and has evolved, emphasizing the need to enhance cities' resilience capacity
as dynamic, self-organizing systems. While landscape ecology has
challenges of contributed to understanding urban ecosystems, it has not been fully
integrated into urban planning. The essay argues for collaboration
integrating ecology between landscape ecologists, urban planners, and designers,
promoting the idea of "safe-to-fail" experiments. This approach
with urban planning involves designing urban projects informed by landscape ecology,
allowing for innovative practices and learning from outcomes. Urban
and design planners and designers have focused on spatial organization but lack
post-implementation monitoring. The integration of landscape ecology
Article in Landscape Ecology · July 2012 and urban planning could transform cities into laboratories for
sustainability, necessitating a shift from equilibrium-based views to
Jack Ahern
strategic, systems-level thinking considering the unpredictable
University of Massachusetts Amherst
dynamics of urban environments.
Plan and
design for Build
Biodiversity multifunction- redundancy
ality and practice
modularization
Strategies for an
interdisciplinary
discourse
on urban sustainability
and resilience
Practice
Build urban
adaptive
ecological
design
networks
implement
and manage
design
connectivity
experiments
With the majority of the global population now residing in urban areas,
the sustainability of cities has become a critical focus in landscape and
urban ecology. This emphasis is expected to persist due to ongoing
urbanization trends. Landscape ecology is well-suited for addressing
this challenge due to its interdisciplinary nature, understanding of
spatial complexity, consideration of unpredictable processes, and the
deliberate connection between research and practical application. The
Conclusion
concept of ecosystem services provides valuable benchmarks for
integrating scientific knowledge into urban planning, design, and
management activities.
The unprecedented urbanization expected in the coming decades
presents a unique opportunity for experiential learning. Through
adaptive planning and design, cities can evolve in tandem with the
acquisition of knowledge about urban sustainability and resilience.
Post-construction monitoring of design experiments enables specific
insights into realized ecosystem services, fostering adaptive learning
from outcomes. This process generates new, location-specific
knowledge and best practices. This interdisciplinary approach is
shaping emerging research needs and directions, offering hope for
effectively addressing the complexities of future cities. Consequently,
transdisciplinary research in urban areas stands out as a critical research
necessity in the contemporary urban landscape.

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Introduction:- This paper discusses the role of landscape ecology in

addressing global landscape changes and providing policy-relevant

Landscape ecological emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of landscape ecology,

Identification and prevalence of landscape ecological concepts

Integration of landscape ecological concepts into planning

Participation and Communication

Conclusion:-The current literature spots landscape ecological concepts with great

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